scholarly journals Temporal Factors Modulate Haloperidol-Induced Conditioned Catalepsy

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucía Cárcel ◽  
Luis G. De la Casa
Keyword(s):  
Classical Conditioning ◽  
Unconditioned Stimulus ◽  
Pavlovian Conditioning ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Stimulus Interval ◽  
Inter Stimulus Interval ◽  
Temporal Factors ◽  
Conditioning Intensity ◽  
Drug Free

Repeated pairings of a neutral context and the effects of haloperidol give rise to conditioned catalepsy when the context is subsequently presented in a drug-free test. In order to confirm whether this response is based on Pavlovian processes, we conducted two experiments involving two manipulations that affect conditioning intensity in classical conditioning procedures: time of joint exposure to the conditioned and the unconditioned stimulus, and the length of the inter-stimulus interval (ISI). The results revealed that both an increase in the length of context-drug pairings during conditioning and a reduced ISI between drug administration and context exposure increased conditioned catalepsy. These results are discussed in terms of the temporal peculiarities of those procedures that involve drugs as the unconditioned stimulus along with the role of Pavlovian conditioning in context-dependent catalepsy.

scholarly journals On the role of responses in Pavlovian acquisition

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Ghirlanda ◽  
Magnus Enquist
Keyword(s):  
Unconditioned Stimulus ◽  
Pavlovian Conditioning ◽  
Conditioned Response ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Eyeblink Conditioning ◽  
Key Pecking ◽  
Lever Pressing

A defining feature of Pavlovian conditioning is that the unconditioned stimulus (US) is delivered whether or not the animal performs a conditioned response (CR). This has lead to the question: Does CR performance play any role in learning? Between the 1930's and 1970's, a consensus emerged that CR acquisition is driven by CS-US experiences, and that CRs play a minimal role, if any. Here we revisit the question and present two new quantitative methods to evaluate whether CRs influence the course of learning. Our results suggest that CRs play an important role in Pavlovian acquisition, in such paradigms as rabbit eyeblink conditioning, pigeon autoshaped key pecking, and rat autoshaped lever pressing and magazine entry.

scholarly journals Effects of paradigm and inter-stimulus interval on age differences in eyeblink classical conditioning in rabbits

2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 287-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Woodruff-Pak ◽  
S. E. Seta ◽  
L. A. Roker ◽  
M. A. Lehr
Keyword(s):  
Classical Conditioning ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Stimulus Interval ◽  
Inter Stimulus Interval

scholarly journals Unconscious Learning. Conditioning to Subliminal Visual Stimuli

2004 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan P. Núñez ◽  
Francisco de Vicente
Keyword(s):  
Conditioned Response ◽  
Skin Conductance Response ◽  
Detection Threshold ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Autonomous Nervous System ◽  
Conditioned Stimuli ◽  
Stimulus Interval ◽  
Inter Stimulus Interval ◽  
Identification Threshold

The role of consciousness in Pavlovian conditioning was examined in two experiments in which visually masked neutral words were used as the conditioned stimuli (CS) and an electric shock as the unconditioned stimulus (US). The inter-stimulus interval (ISI) was established individually. A detection threshold was used in Experiment 1 and an identification threshold in Experiment 2. The primary dependent variable was the skin conductance response (SCR). Results showed that the conditioned response (CR) was acquired by 58% of participants who perceived stimuli above the identification threshold, 50% of participants who perceived stimuli below the detection threshold, and 11% of participants who perceived stimuli below the identification threshold, but above the detection threshold. These results suggest that consciousness of the CS-US contingency is not a necessary condition for acquiring a CR of the autonomous nervous system (ANS).

Active avoidance learning in zebrafish (Danio rerio)—The role of sensory modality and inter-stimulus interval

2013 ◽  
Vol 248 ◽  
pp. 141-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Morin ◽  
Maria A. de Souza Silva ◽  
Christian P. Müller ◽  
Patrick Hardigan ◽  
Richard E. Spieler
Keyword(s):  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Avoidance Learning ◽  
Active Avoidance ◽  
Sensory Modality ◽  
Stimulus Interval ◽  
Inter Stimulus Interval

An Automated Apparatus for Conditioning Proboscis Extension in Honey Bees, Apis mellifera L.

2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles I. Abramson ◽  
B. J. Boyd
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Classical Conditioning ◽  
Unconditioned Stimulus ◽  
Pavlovian Conditioning ◽  
Discrimination Learning ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Automatic Programming ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Proboscis Extension ◽  
Series Of Experiments

An apparatus is described for the study of classical conditioning of proboscis extension in harnessed honey bees, Apis mellifera L., that permits automatic programming of events and recording of data. The apparatus is easy to use, accommodates a wide range of stimuli and can be used to study both associative and nonassociative learning. The technique was evaluated in a series of experiments in which the performance of bees was compared under automated and traditional methods of conditioning. The results indicated that the automated apparatus can successfully be used to study Pavlovian conditioning, discrimination learning, and habituation. A unique finding was that the odor of honeycomb can serve as an unconditioned stimulus to support Pavlovian conditioning.

Anticipation of Pharmacological and Nonpharmacological Events: Classical Conditioning and Addictive Behavior

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shepard Siegel ◽  
Marvin D. Krank ◽  
Riley E. Hinson
Keyword(s):  
Classical Conditioning ◽  
Pavlovian Conditioning ◽  
Exercise Physiology ◽  
Drug Effects ◽  
Addictive Behavior ◽  
Feedback Mechanisms ◽  
Compensatory Responses ◽  
Made In

Typically, pharmacological phenomena such as tolerance, sensitization, and dependence have been viewed as resulting from the operation of feedback mechanisms: pharmacologically disturbed homeostatic functioning is countered by compensatory responses that restore physiological equilibrium. We summarize the results of research indicating that feedforward mechanisms (i.e., regulatory responses made in anticipation of a drug) also importantly contribute to drug effects. Such feedforward mechanisms operate on the basis of Pavlovian conditioning principles. We also discuss the role of such physiological feedforward mechanisms in areas that are not primarily pharmacological: immunology, exercise physiology, and stress.

Background Stimuli and the Inter-Stimulus Interval during Pavlovian Conditioning

1975 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Odling-Smee
Keyword(s):  
Pavlovian Conditioning ◽  
Trace Interval ◽  
Training Environment ◽  
Stimulus Interval ◽  
Inter Stimulus Interval

An experiment was carried out to investigate the part played by background stimuli during Pavlovian conditioning. Groups of rats were presented with tone CSs and unavoidable footshock USs. Two components of the inter-stimulus interval, namely CS duration and the duration of a trace interval, were manipulated across groups. Subsequently subjects were tested for their reactions to background stimuli by being re-exposed to the training environment in the absence of both the CS and US. The degree to which rats failed to avoid this environment was found to relate to CS duration by an inverted U curve. The manipulation of the trace interval however did not significantly affect avoidance.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document