scholarly journals The brain adjusts grip forces differently according to gravity and inertia: a parabolic flight experiment

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier White
Keyword(s):  
Parabolic Flight ◽  
Flight Experiment ◽  
The Brain

A measurement of human body rotation during parabolic flight experiment

2015 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Jin ◽  
Hongzhi Jia ◽  
Wenmei Hou ◽  
Yusaku Fujii
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Parabolic Flight ◽  
Body Rotation ◽  
Flight Experiment

Heat Transfer and Bubble Behaviors in Microgravity Pool Boiling in ESA Parabolic Flight Experiment

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (S1) ◽  
pp. 3-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osamu Kawanami ◽  
Haruhiko Ohta ◽  
Oleg Kabov ◽  
Yoshino Sakata ◽  
Yusuke Kotani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Parabolic Flight ◽  
Pool Boiling ◽  
Flight Experiment

Validation of Space Net Deployment Modeling Methods Using Parabolic Flight Experiment

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (12) ◽  
pp. 3319-3327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minghe Shan ◽  
Jian Guo ◽  
Eberhard Gill ◽  
Wojciech Gołębiowski
Keyword(s):  
Parabolic Flight ◽  
Flight Experiment ◽  
Modeling Methods

scholarly journals Brain stimulation in zero gravity: transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) motor threshold decreases during zero gravity induced by parabolic flight

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bashar W. Badran ◽  
Kevin A. Caulfield ◽  
Claire Cox ◽  
James W. Lopez ◽  
Jeffrey J. Borckardt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Parabolic Flight ◽  
Zero Gravity ◽  
Motor Threshold ◽  
Earth Gravity ◽  
Resting Motor Threshold ◽  
The Brain

Abstract We are just beginning to understand how spaceflight may impact brain function. As NASA proceeds with plans to send astronauts to the Moon and commercial space travel interest increases, it is critical to understand how the human brain and peripheral nervous system respond to zero gravity. Here, we developed and refined head-worn transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) systems capable of reliably and quickly determining the amount of electromagnetism each individual needs to detect electromyographic (EMG) threshold levels in the thumb (called the resting motor threshold (rMT)). We then collected rMTs in 10 healthy adult participants in the laboratory at baseline, and subsequently at three time points onboard an airplane: (T1) pre-flight at Earth gravity, (T2) during zero gravity periods induced by parabolic flight and (T3) post-flight at Earth gravity. Overall, the subjects required 12.6% less electromagnetism applied to the brain to cause thumb muscle activation during weightlessness compared to Earth gravity, suggesting neurophysiological changes occur during brief periods of zero gravity. We discuss several candidate explanations for this finding, including upward shift of the brain within the skull, acute increases in cortical excitability, changes in intracranial pressure, and diffuse spinal or neuromuscular system effects. All of these possible explanations warrant further study. In summary, we documented neurophysiological changes during brief episodes of zero gravity and thus highlighting the need for further studies of human brain function in altered gravity conditions to optimally prepare for prolonged microgravity exposure during spaceflight.

scholarly journals Parabolic flight experiment "Convection in a Cylinder" – Convection patterns in varying buoyancy forces

2011 ◽  
Vol 318 (8) ◽  
pp. 082003 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Dahley ◽  
B Futterer ◽  
C Egbers ◽  
O Crumeyrolle ◽  
I Mutabazi
Keyword(s):  
Parabolic Flight ◽  
Flight Experiment ◽  
Buoyancy Forces ◽  
Convection Patterns

Gravity-dependent estimates of object mass underlie the generation of motor commands for horizontal limb movements

2014 ◽  
Vol 112 (2) ◽  
pp. 384-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Crevecoeur ◽  
J. McIntyre ◽  
J.-L. Thonnard ◽  
P. Lefèvre
Keyword(s):  
Grip Force ◽  
Mechanical Load ◽  
Parabolic Flight ◽  
Precision Grip ◽  
Motor Planning ◽  
Zero Gravity ◽  
Visually Guided ◽  
Motor Commands ◽  
Significant Movement ◽  
The Brain

Moving requires handling gravitational and inertial constraints pulling on our body and on the objects that we manipulate. Although previous work emphasized that the brain uses internal models of each type of mechanical load, little is known about their interaction during motor planning and execution. In this report, we examine visually guided reaching movements in the horizontal plane performed by naive participants exposed to changes in gravity during parabolic flight. This approach allowed us to isolate the effect of gravity because the environmental dynamics along the horizontal axis remained unchanged. We show that gravity has a direct effect on movement kinematics, with faster movements observed after transitions from normal gravity to hypergravity (1.8g), followed by significant movement slowing after the transition from hypergravity to zero gravity. We recorded finger forces applied on an object held in precision grip and found that the coupling between grip force and inertial loads displayed a similar effect, with an increase in grip force modulation gain under hypergravity followed by a reduction of modulation gain after entering the zero-gravity environment. We present a computational model to illustrate that these effects are compatible with the hypothesis that participants partially attribute changes in weight to changes in mass and scale incorrectly their motor commands with changes in gravity. These results highlight a rather direct internal mapping between the force generated during stationary holding against gravity and the estimation of inertial loads that limb and hand motor commands must overcome.

Microgravity effects on the electrochemical oxidation of ammonia: A parabolic flight experiment

2012 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 88-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Nicolau ◽  
Carlos M. Poventud-Estrada ◽  
Lisandra Arroyo ◽  
José Fonseca ◽  
Michael Flynn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Oxidation ◽  
Parabolic Flight ◽  
Flight Experiment ◽  
Oxidation Of Ammonia
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