scholarly journals The Protective Effect of a Novel Cross-Linked Hemoglobin-Based Oxygen Carrier on Hypoxia Injury of Acute Mountain Sickness in Rabbits and Goats

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Yue Wu ◽  
Xiao-Yong Peng ◽  
Qing-Hui Li ◽  
Xin-Ming Xiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Oxygen Carrier ◽  
Acute Mountain Sickness ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Cardiac Ischemia ◽  
Organ Injury ◽  
Vital Organ ◽  
Altitude Hypoxia ◽  
General Behavior ◽  
Mountain Sickness

Hypoxia is the major cause of acute altitude hypoxia injury in acute mountain sickness (AMS). YQ23 is a kind of novel bovine-derived, cross-linked hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier (HBOC). It has an excellent capacity for carrying and releasing oxygen. Whether YQ23 has a protective effect on the acute altitude hypoxia injury in AMS is unclear. In investigating this mechanism, the hypobaric chamber rabbit model and plain-to-plateau goat model were used. Furthermore, this study measured the effects of YQ23 on the ability of general behavior, general vital signs, Electrocardiograph (ECG), hemodynamics, vital organ injury markers, and blood gases in hypobaric chamber rabbits and plain-to-plateau goats. Our results showed that the ability of general behavior (general behavioral scores, GBS) (GBS: 18 ± 0.0 vs. 14 ± 0.5, p < 0.01) and the general vital signs weakened [Heart rate (HR, beats/min): 253.5 ± 8.7 vs. 301.1 ± 19.8, p < 0.01; Respiratory rate (RR, breaths/min): 86.1 ± 5.2 vs. 101.2 ± 7.2, p < 0.01] after exposure to plateau environment. YQ23 treatment significantly improved the ability of general behavior (GBS: 15.8 ± 0.5 vs. 14.0 ± 0.5, p < 0.01) and general vital signs [HR (beats/min): 237.8 ± 24.6 vs. 301.1 ± 19.8, p < 0.01; RR (breaths/min): 86.9 ± 6.6 vs. 101.2 ± 7.2, p < 0.01]. The level of blood PaO2 (mmHg) (115.3 ± 4.7 vs. 64.2 ± 5.6, p < 0.01) and SaO2(%) (97.7 ± 0.7 vs. 65.8 ± 3.1, p < 0.01) sharply decreased after exposure to plateau, YQ23 treatment significantly improved the blood PaO2 (mmHg) (97.6 ± 3.7 vs. 64.2 ± 5.6, p < 0.01) and SaO2(%) (82.7 ± 5.2 vs. 65.8 ± 3.1, p < 0.01). The cardiac ischemia and injury marker was increased [troponin (TnT, μg/L):0.08 ± 0.01 vs. 0.12 ± 0.02, p < 0.01], as well as the renal [blood urea nitrogen (BUN, mmol/L): 6.0 ± 0.7 vs. 7.3 ± 0.5, p < 0.01] and liver injury marker [alanine aminotransferase (ALT, U/L): 45.8 ± 3.6 vs. 54.6 ± 4.2, p < 0.01] was increased after exposure to a plateau environment. YQ23 treatment markedly alleviated cardiac ischemia [TnT (μg/L):0.10 ± 0.01 vs 0.12 ± 0.02, p < 0.01] and mitigated the vital organ injury. Besides, YQ23 exhibited no adverse effects on hemodynamics, myocardial ischemia, and renal injury. In conclusion, YQ23 effectively alleviates acute altitude hypoxia injury of AMS without aside effects.

Headache at High Altitude

2018 ◽  
pp. 3-7
Author(s):  
Renee N. Salas
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Laboratory Testing ◽  
Acute Mountain Sickness ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
High Altitude Pulmonary Edema ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
High Altitude Cerebral Edema ◽  
Mountain Sickness

Headache is a condition that medical practitioners commonly encounter with a broad differential that ranges from the benign to the life threatening. High altitude environments have unique diseases that present with headache, which this case will outline. Providers practicing at high altitude must be facile with diagnosing these conditions such as high altitude headache and acute mountain sickness. Astute providers must also assess for high altitude cerebral edema and high altitude pulmonary edema as they can co-exist with acute mountain sickness. Given that radiographic and laboratory testing are often not available, determining a diagnosis based on history and physical is essential with the knowledge that “normal” vital signs differ from that of sea level.

scholarly journals Electroretinographic assessment of retinal function at high altitude

2013 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Schatz ◽  
Gabriel Willmann ◽  
M. Dominik Fischer ◽  
Kai Schommer ◽  
André Messias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Acute Mountain Sickness ◽  
Retinal Function ◽  
Implicit Time ◽  
Retinal Diseases ◽  
Altitude Hypoxia ◽  
Scotopic Sensitivity ◽  
High Altitude Hypoxia ◽  
Mountain Sickness

Although hypoxia plays a key role in the pathophysiology of many common and well studied retinal diseases, little is known about the effects of high-altitude hypoxia on retinal function. The aim of the present study was to assess retinal function during exposure to high-altitude hypoxia using electroretinography (ERG). This work is related to the Tübingen High Altitude Ophthalmology (THAO) study. Electroretinography was performed in 14 subjects in Tübingen, Germany (341 m) and at high altitude at La Capanna Regina Margherita, Italy (4,559 m) using an extended protocol to assess functional integrity of various retinal layers. To place findings in the context of acute mountain sickness, correlations between ERG measurements and oxygen saturation, heart rate, and scores of acute mountain sickness (AMS) were calculated. At high altitude, the maximum response of the scotopic sensitivity function, the implicit times of the a- and b-wave of the combined rod-cone responses, and the implicit times of the photopic negative responses (PhNR) were significantly altered. A-wave slopes and i-waves were significantly decreased at high altitude. The strongest correlation was found for PhNR and O2 saturation ( r = 0.68; P < 0.05). Of all tested correlations, only the photopic b-wave implicit time (10 cd·s/m2) was significantly correlated with severity of AMS ( r = 0.57; P < 0.05). ERG data show that retinal function of inner, outer, and ganglion cell layer is altered at high-altitude hypoxia. Interestingly, the most affected ERG parameters are related to combined rod-cone responses, which indicate that phototransduction and visual processing, especially under conditions of rod-cone interaction, are primarily affected at high altitude.

Cysteinyl Leukotriene Blockade Does Not Prevent Acute Mountain Sickness

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Muza ◽  
D. Kaminsky ◽  
C. S. Fulco ◽  
L. E. Banderet ◽  
A. Cymerman
Keyword(s):  
Acute Mountain Sickness ◽  
Cysteinyl Leukotriene ◽  
Mountain Sickness

Optic nerve sheath diameter changes at high altitude and in acute mountain sickness: meta-regression analyses

2020 ◽  
pp. bjophthalmol-2020-317717
Author(s):  
Tou-Yuan Tsai ◽  
George Gozari ◽  
Yung-Cheng Su ◽  
Yi-Kung Lee ◽  
Yu-Kang Tu
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Acute Mountain Sickness ◽  
Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter ◽  
Optic Nerve Sheath ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Spline Regression ◽  
Nerve Sheath ◽  
Mountain Sickness

Background/aimsTo assess changes in optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) at high altitude and in acute mountain sickness (AMS).MethodsCochrane Library, EMBASE, Google Scholar and PubMed were searched for articles published from their inception to 31st of July 2020. Outcome measures were mean changes of ONSD at high altitude and difference in ONSD change between subjects with and without AMS. Meta-regressions were conducted to investigate the relation of ONSD change to altitude and time spent at that altitude.ResultsEight studies with 248 participants comparing ONSD from sea level to high altitude, and five studies with 454 participants comparing subjects with or without AMS, were included. ONSD increased by 0.14 mm per 1000 m after adjustment for time (95% CI: 0.10 to 0.18; p<0.01). Restricted cubic spline regression revealed an almost linear relation between ONSD change and time within 2 days. ONSD was greater in subjects with AMS (mean difference=0.47; 95% CI: 0.14 to 0.80; p=0.01; I2=89.4%).ConclusionOur analysis shows that ONSD changes correlate with altitude and tend to increase in subjects with AMS. Small study number and high heterogeneity are the limitations of our study. Further large prospective studies are required to verify our findings.

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