scholarly journals Predictability of Delayed Visual Feedback Under Rubber Hand Illusion Modulates Localization but Not Ownership of the Hand

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Shibuya ◽  
Satoshi Unenaka ◽  
Yukari Ohki

The rubber hand illusion (RHI) is a perceptual illusion, whereby a fake hand is recognized as one’s own hand when a fake hand and felt real hand are stroked synchronously. RHI strength is mainly assessed using a questionnaire rating and proprioceptive drift (PD). PD is characterized by the proprioceptively sensed location of the participant’s own hand shifting toward the location of the fake hand after RHI. However, the relationship between the two measures of hand ownership and location remains controversial due to mixed findings: some studies report correlations between them, while others show that they are independent. Here, we demonstrated significant PD without RHI using delayed visual feedback. In this RHI study, video images of the fake hand were delivered to the subjects, and four delay intervals of visual feedback (80, 280, 480, and 680ms) were introduced. In four of six conditions, the delay interval was fixed throughout the condition. In the other two conditions, four delays were delivered in a predetermined order (i.e., serial condition; higher predictability) or in a pseudo-random order (i.e., random condition; low predictability). For the four conditions with a fixed delay, the questionnaire ratings and PD declined significantly when the delay interval exceeded circa 300ms. In both the serial and random conditions, no illusory ownership of the fake hand was reported in the questionnaire. In contrast, greater PD was found in the random condition but not in the serial condition. Our findings suggest that hand ownership and localization are caused by distinct multisensory integration processes.

PLoS ONE ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. e6185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sotaro Shimada ◽  
Kensuke Fukuda ◽  
Kazuo Hiraki

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (0) ◽  
pp. 52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas P. Holmes ◽  
Tamar R. Makin ◽  
Michelle Cadieux ◽  
Claire Williams ◽  
Katherine R. Naish ◽  
...  

The rubber hand illusion (RHI) is a multisensory (visual, tactile, proprioceptive) illusion in which participants report body ownership over, mislocalize actual hand position to, and feel touches applied to, the rubber hand. For many years, researchers have used changes in perceived hand position, measured by inter-manual pointing, as a more objective measure of the illusion than verbal reports alone. Despite this reliance, there is little evidence to show that the illusion of hand ownership is directly related to perceived hand position. We developed an adaptive staircase procedure to measure perceived hand position, and tested whether the RHI affected perceived hand position. In two experiments we found a significant illusion of ownership, as well as significant changes in perceived hand position, but these two measures were uncorrelated. In a third experiment using more typical RHI procedures, we again replicated significant illusions of ownership and changes in hand position, but again the measures were uncorrelated. We conclude that viewing and feeling touches applied to a dummy hand results in clear illusions of ownership and changes in hand position, but via independent mechanisms.


2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (7) ◽  
pp. 1012-1021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominika Radziun ◽  
H. Henrik Ehrsson

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noriaki Kanayama ◽  
Alberto Morandi ◽  
Kazuo Hiraki ◽  
Francesco Pavani

1996 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 416-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather Carnahan ◽  
Craig Hall ◽  
Timothy D. Lee

2010 ◽  
Vol 481 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Ting Yeh ◽  
Jason Boulet ◽  
Tyler Cluff ◽  
Ramesh Balasubramaniam

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