scholarly journals Long-Tailed Pygmy Rice Rats Modify Their Behavioural Response and Faecal Corticosterone Metabolites in Response to Culpeo Fox but Not to Lesser Grison

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3036
Author(s):  
María del Carmen Hernández ◽  
André V. Rubio ◽  
Isabel Barja
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Behavioural Response ◽  
Predator Species ◽  
Predator Cues ◽  
Capture Ratio ◽  
Physiological Stress Response ◽  
Phase 0 ◽  
Faecal Corticosterone Metabolites ◽  
Corticosterone Metabolites

Even though behavioural and physiological reactions to predation risk exhibited by prey species have received considerable attention in scientific journals, there are still many questions still unsolved. Our aim was to broaden the knowledge on one specific question: do long-tailed pygmy rice rats adapt their behavioural and physiological antipredator strategies depending on the predator species? For this question, we live-trapped in a temperate forest in Southern Chile long-tailed pygmy rice rats (Oligoryzomys longicaudatus), which were exposed to three predator odour phases (Phase 0: preliminary, no predator cues; Phase 1: one plot with culpeo fox faeces (Lycalopex culpaeus), one plot with lesser grison (Galictis cuja) faeces and one plot acting as a control with no odour; Phase 2: post treatment, no predator cues). We measured the behavioural response by the capture ratio. To assess the physiological stress response, we collected fresh faecal samples to quantify faecal corticosterone metabolites (FCM). Our results showed that O. longicaudatus increased both the capture ratio and FCM levels in the presence of culpeo cues. Culpeo foxes have higher densities in the study area than G. cuja and exhibit a higher activity pattern overlap with O. longicaudatus. Moreover, it has been also been reported in other regions that L. culpaeus consumption of O. longicaudatus is more frequent compared to G. cuja diet. The increase in capturability could be because traps can be regarded as a shelter in high-risk settings, but it can also be explained by the predator inspection behaviour. The increase in FCM concentrations during culpeo treatment can be linked to the adaptive mobilisation of energy to execute antipredator responses to increase survival chances.

Variation in behavioural responses of sub-tropical marine fishes to experimental longline capture

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brendan S Talwar ◽  
Ian A Bouyoucos ◽  
Edward J Brooks ◽  
Jacob W Brownscombe ◽  
Cory D Suski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Behavioural Response ◽  
Shark Species ◽  
The Bahamas ◽  
Behavioural Responses ◽  
Capture Event ◽  
Physiological Stress Response ◽  
Elasmobranch Species ◽  
Quadratic Response ◽  
Nurse Sharks

Abstract Fishes are often caught as bycatch on longlines and subsequently discarded. The behavioural response of fishes to longline capture is poorly understood, although it may be linked to the magnitude of the physiological stress response, and, ultimately, contribute to stress-induced mortality. We used accelerometers, video cameras, and hook timers to analyse the behavioural response of 13 subtropical teleost and elasmobranch species to experimental longline capture in The Bahamas. We found that, across all species and species groups, fight intensity during a capture event was best described by a negative linear and positive quadratic response. Nurse sharks and tiger sharks had lower fight intensity values and exhibited less steepness in their quadratic response during the first 10 min of capture than other species, particularly blacktip and Caribbean reef sharks. Nurse sharks also exhibited the most consistent fight intensity during the entire capture event compared to other shark species, particularly the blacknose shark. Generally, obligate ram ventilators and mixed ventilators exhibited higher steepness in fight intensity trajectories than buccal/spiracular pumpers, which had more consistent, lower fight intensity values. Behavioural responses to longline capture are species specific but may be linked to distinct evolutionary traits such as respiratory mode.

Associations between multisystem stress reactivity and peer nominated aggression in early childhood vary by sex

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 1888-1898
Author(s):  
Melissa J. Hagan ◽  
Danielle S. Roubinov ◽  
W. Thomas Boyce ◽  
Nicole R. Bush
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Relational Aggression ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Physical Aggression ◽  
Stress Reactivity ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Kindergarten Children ◽  
Peer Ratings ◽  
Cortisol Reactivity ◽  
Physiological Stress Response

AbstractThere is emerging evidence that the development of problematic aggression in childhood may be associated with specific physiological stress response patterns, with both biological overactivation and underactivation implicated. This study tested associations between sex-specific patterns of stress responses across the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis and peer nominations of aggression among 271 kindergarten children (Mean age = 5.32 years; 52% Female; 44% White). Upon entry to kindergarten, children participated in a multidomain standardized stress paradigm. Changes in pre-ejection period (PEP) and salivary cortisol were assessed. On a separate day, children provided peer ratings of physical and relational aggression in a standardized interview. As expected, there was a significant three-way interaction between PEP, cortisol reactivity, and sex, but only for physical aggression. Among boys, cortisol reactivity was positively associated with physical aggression only for those with higher SNS reactivity. Findings suggest that for boys, asymmetrical and symmetrical HPA/SNS reactivity may be associated with lower and higher risk for peer-directed physical aggression, respectively. Understanding the complex associations between multisystem physiology, child sex and peer-directed aggression in early childhood may offer insight into individual differences underlying the emergence of behavioral dysregulation in early peer contexts.

Reflex impairment and physiological stress response in the Neotropical wolf fish Hoplias malabaricus (Characiformes, Erythrinidae) exposed to catch-and-release angling

2021 ◽  
Vol 239 ◽  
pp. 105940
Author(s):  
Laura Simões Andrade ◽  
Domingos Garrone-Neto ◽  
Manuela Alves Nobre Sales ◽  
Luciana Rodrigues de Souza-Bastos ◽  
Ursulla Pereira Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Hoplias Malabaricus ◽  
Catch And Release ◽  
Physiological Stress Response

scholarly journals Physiological Stress Response of Captive White-Tailed Deer to Video Collars

2009 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 609-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Remington J. Moll ◽  
Joshua J. Millspaugh ◽  
Jeff Beringer ◽  
Joel Sartwell ◽  
Rami J. Woods ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Physiological Stress Response

scholarly journals Variation in faecal corticosterone metabolites in an Arctic seabird, the Little Auk (Alle alle) during the nesting period

Polar Biology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 641-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota Kidawa ◽  
Katarzyna Wojczulanis-Jakubas ◽  
Dariusz Jakubas ◽  
Rupert Palme ◽  
Lech Stempniewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Little Auk ◽  
Alle Alle ◽  
Faecal Corticosterone Metabolites ◽  
Corticosterone Metabolites

scholarly journals Resilience Testing of Health Systems: How Can It Be Done?

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4742
Author(s):  
Heather L. Rogers ◽  
Pedro Pita Barros ◽  
Jan De Maeseneer ◽  
Lasse Lehtonen ◽  
Christos Lionis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health System ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Action Planning ◽  
Health System Strengthening ◽  
System Transformation ◽  
Traffic Light ◽  
Phase 0 ◽  
Five Phases ◽  
Quantitative Indicators

The resilience of health systems has received considerable attention as of late, yet little is known about what a resilience test might look like. We develop a resilience test concept and methodology. We describe key components of a toolkit and a 5-phased approach to implementation of resilience testing that can be adapted to individual health systems. We develop a methodology for a test that is balanced in terms of standardization and system-specific characteristics/needs. We specify how to work with diverse stakeholders from the health ecosystem via participatory processes to assess and identify recommendations for health system strengthening. The proposed resilience test toolkit consists of “what if” adverse scenarios, a menu of health system performance elements and indicators based on an input-output-outcomes framework, a discussion guide for each adverse scenario, and a traffic light scorecard template. The five phases of implementation include Phase 0, a preparatory phase to adapt the toolkit materials; Phase 1: facilitated discussion groups with stakeholders regarding the adverse scenarios; Phase 2: supplemental data collection of relevant quantitative indicators; Phase 3: summarization of results; Phase 4: action planning and health system transformation. The toolkit and 5-phased approach can support countries to test resilience of health systems, and provides a concrete roadmap to its implementation.

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