scholarly journals Raman Scattering-Based Biosensing: New Prospects and Opportunities

Biosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 512
Author(s):  
Kseniya V. Serebrennikova ◽  
Anna N. Berlina ◽  
Dmitriy V. Sotnikov ◽  
Anatoly V. Zherdev ◽  
Boris B. Dzantiev
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Raman Scattering ◽  
Rayleigh Scattering ◽  
Scattered Light ◽  
Resonance Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Resonance Raman ◽  
Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Sers Substrate ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Functional Features

The growing interest in the development of new platforms for the application of Raman spectroscopy techniques in biosensor technologies is driven by the potential of these techniques in identifying chemical compounds, as well as structural and functional features of biomolecules. The effect of Raman scattering is a result of inelastic light scattering processes, which lead to the emission of scattered light with a different frequency associated with molecular vibrations of the identified molecule. Spontaneous Raman scattering is usually weak, resulting in complexities with the separation of weak inelastically scattered light and intense Rayleigh scattering. These limitations have led to the development of various techniques for enhancing Raman scattering, including resonance Raman spectroscopy (RRS) and nonlinear Raman spectroscopy (coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy and stimulated Raman spectroscopy). Furthermore, the discovery of the phenomenon of enhanced Raman scattering near metallic nanostructures gave impetus to the development of the surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) as well as its combination with resonance Raman spectroscopy and nonlinear Raman spectroscopic techniques. The combination of nonlinear and resonant optical effects with metal substrates or nanoparticles can be used to increase speed, spatial resolution, and signal amplification in Raman spectroscopy, making these techniques promising for the analysis and characterization of biological samples. This review provides the main provisions of the listed Raman techniques and the advantages and limitations present when applied to life sciences research. The recent advances in SERS and SERS-combined techniques are summarized, such as SERRS, SE-CARS, and SE-SRS for bioimaging and the biosensing of molecules, which form the basis for potential future applications of these techniques in biosensor technology. In addition, an overview is given of the main tools for success in the development of biosensors based on Raman spectroscopy techniques, which can be achieved by choosing one or a combination of the following approaches: (i) fabrication of a reproducible SERS substrate, (ii) synthesis of the SERS nanotag, and (iii) implementation of new platforms for on-site testing.

Liquid Filters for UV Resonance Raman Spectroscopy

1996 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 1597-1602 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Kleimeyer ◽  
Julius C. Fister ◽  
John Zimmerman ◽  
Joel M. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Raman Scattering ◽  
Scattered Light ◽  
Resonance Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Resonance Raman ◽  
Visible Region ◽  
Chromophore Concentration ◽  
Uv Resonance Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Ultraviolet Resonance Raman ◽  
Materials Used

Solutions of organic compounds are proposed as viable high-pass, Rayleigh rejection filters for ultraviolet resonance Raman spectroscopy. The steep transmittance curves of these solutions effectively reject elastically scattered light in this region while passing Raman-shifted frequencies. The materials used in the filters are readily available and inexpensive, and the solutions are easily prepared. Filters for four lines in the range of 288 nm to 342 nm from a Raman-shifted 3rd and 4th harmonic of a Nd:YAG laser are presented, although the principle of preparing similar liquid filters can be applied to virtually any near-UV wavelength. The use of these filter solutions in conjunction with a single monochromator was found to significantly reduce levels of elastically scattered light without sacrifice of optical throughput; Raman scattering at frequency shifts within 200 cm−1 of the Rayleigh line could be observed, and the transmittance at shifts >1000 cm−1 was ≥80%. The Rayleighline rejection efficiencies for the filters in this study are modest (102–103) compared with those for filters employed in the visible region; but they can be easily boosted by increasing the chromophore concentration or filter pathlength with a trade-off of throughput for Raman scattering at small wavenumber shifts.

scholarly journals Raman Spectroscopy for Homeland Security Applications

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory Mogilevsky ◽  
Laura Borland ◽  
Mark Brickhouse ◽  
Augustus W. Fountain III
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Homeland Security ◽  
Resonance Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Resonance Raman ◽  
Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Inelastic Interaction ◽  
Raman Signal ◽  
Incident Laser ◽  
Analytical Technique ◽  
Security Applications

Raman spectroscopy is an analytical technique with vast applications in the homeland security and defense arenas. The Raman effect is defined by the inelastic interaction of the incident laser with the analyte molecule’s vibrational modes, which can be exploited to detect and identify chemicals in various environments and for the detection of hazards in the field, at checkpoints, or in a forensic laboratory with no contact with the substance. A major source of error that overwhelms the Raman signal is fluorescence caused by the background and the sample matrix. Novel methods are being developed to enhance the Raman signal’s sensitivity and to reduce the effects of fluorescence by altering how the hazard material interacts with its environment and the incident laser. Basic Raman techniques applicable to homeland security applications include conventional (off-resonance) Raman spectroscopy, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), resonance Raman spectroscopy, and spatially or temporally offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS and TORS). Additional emerging Raman techniques, including remote Raman detection, Raman imaging, and Heterodyne imaging, are being developed to further enhance the Raman signal, mitigate fluorescence effects, and monitor hazards at a distance for use in homeland security and defense applications.

scholarly journals Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering: Introduction and Applications

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samir Kumar ◽  
Prabhat Kumar ◽  
Anamika Das ◽  
Chandra Shakher Pathak
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Raman Scattering ◽  
Rayleigh Scattering ◽  
Scattered Light ◽  
Monochromatic Light ◽  
Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering ◽  
Surface Enhanced ◽  
Surface Enhanced Raman ◽  
Enhanced Raman Scattering ◽  
Laser Sources

Scattering of light by molecules can be elastic, Rayleigh scattering, or inelastic, Raman scattering. In the elastic scattering, the photon’s energy and the state of the molecule after the scattering events are unchanged. Hence, Rayleigh scattered light does not contain much information on the structure of molecular states. In inelastic scattering, the frequency of monochromatic light changes upon interaction with the vibrational states, or modes, of a molecule. With the advancement in the laser sources, better and compact spectrometers, detectors, and optics Raman spectroscopy have developed as a highly sensitive technique to probe structural details of a complex molecular structure. However, the low scattering cross section (10−31) of Raman scattering has limited the applications of the conventional Raman spectroscopy. With the discovery of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) in 1973 by Martin Fleischmann, the interest of the research community in Raman spectroscopy as an analytical method has been revived. This chapter aims to familiarize the readers with the basics of Raman scattering phenomenon and SERS. This chapter will also discuss the latest developments in the SERS and its applications in various fields.

scholarly journals A highly sensitive surface-enhanced Raman scattering substrate prepared on a hydrophobic surface using controlled evaporation

RSC Advances ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 331-337
Author(s):  
Rajeev K. Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Raman Scattering ◽  
Hydrophobic Surface ◽  
Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering ◽  
Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Sers Substrate ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Surface Enhanced ◽  
Surface Enhanced Raman ◽  
Enhanced Raman Scattering

In the present work, we report the fabrication of a surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrate on a simple and easily fabricable hydrophobic surface.

Optical properties of carbon nanotubes and nanographene

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Saito ◽  
A. Jorio ◽  
J. Jiang ◽  
K. Sasaki ◽  
G. Dresselhaus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Raman Scattering ◽  
Resonance Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Double Resonance ◽  
Resonance Raman ◽  
Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Resonance Raman Scattering ◽  
Raman Modes

This article examines the optical properties of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and nanographene. It begins with an overview of the shape of graphene and nanotubes, along wit the use of Raman spectroscopy to study the structure and exciton physics of SWNTs. It then considers the basic definition of a carbon nanotube and graphene, focusing on the crystal structure of graphene and the electronic structure of SWNTs, before describing the experimental setup for confocal resonance Raman spectroscopy. It also discusses the process of resonance Raman scattering, double-resonance Raman scattering, and the Raman signals of a SWNT as well as the dispersion behavior of second-order Raman modes, the doping effect on the Kohn anomaly of phonons, and the elastic scattering of electrons and photons. The article concludes with an analysis of excitons in SWNTs and outlines future directions for research.

Towards deep-UV surface-enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopy of explosives: ultrasensitive, real-time and reproducible detection of TNT

The Analyst ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 140 (16) ◽  
pp. 5671-5677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shankar K. Jha ◽  
Yasin Ekinci ◽  
Mario Agio ◽  
Jörg F. Löffler
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Raman Scattering ◽  
Resonance Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Resonance Raman ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Resonance Raman Scattering ◽  
Label Free Detection ◽  
Surface Enhanced ◽  
Deep Ultraviolet ◽  
Deep Uv

We report ultrasensitive and label-free detection of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) deposited by drop coating using deep-ultraviolet surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering (DUV-SERRS).

Ligand binding to G-quadruplex DNA: new insights from ultraviolet resonance Raman spectroscopy

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 8128-8140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Di Fonzo ◽  
Jussara Amato ◽  
Federica D’Aria ◽  
Marco Caterino ◽  
Francesco D’Amico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Raman Scattering ◽  
Ligand Binding ◽  
Resonance Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Resonance Raman ◽  
Resonance Raman Scattering ◽  
Quadruplex Dna ◽  
G Quadruplex ◽  
Ultraviolet Resonance Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Ultraviolet Resonance Raman

Polarized ultraviolet resonance Raman scattering at 266 nm was used to investigate the interaction of BRACO-19 and Pyridostatin with G-quadruplexes having different structural conformations.

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