scholarly journals Visual Short-Term Memory for Coherent and Sequential Motion: A rTMS Investigation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1471
Author(s):  
Andrea Pavan ◽  
Filippo Ghin ◽  
Gianluca Campana
Keyword(s):  
Retention Interval ◽  
Visual Motion ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Late Phase ◽  
Memory Encoding ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Motion Direction ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Visual Short Term Memory ◽  
Functional Integrity

We investigated the role of the human medio-temporal complex (hMT+) in the memory encoding and storage of a sequence of four coherently moving random dot kinematograms (RDKs), by applying repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) during an early or late phase of the retention interval. Moreover, in a second experiment, we also tested whether disrupting the functional integrity of hMT+ during the early phase impaired the precision of the encoded motion directions. Overall, results showed that both recognition accuracy and precision were worse in middle serial positions, suggesting the occurrence of primacy and recency effects. We found that rTMS delivered during the early (but not the late) phase of the retention interval was able to impair not only recognition of RDKs, but also the precision of the retained motion direction. However, such impairment occurred only for RDKs presented in middle positions along the presented sequence, where performance was already closer to chance level. Altogether these findings suggest an involvement of hMT+ in the memory encoding of visual motion direction. Given that both position sequence and rTMS modulated not only recognition but also the precision of the stored information, these findings are in support of a model of visual short-term memory with a variable resolution of each stored item, consistent with the assigned amount of memory resources, and that such item-specific memory resolution is supported by the functional integrity of area hMT+.

scholarly journals Visual Short-Term Memory for Coherent and Sequential Motion: A rTMS Investigation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Pavan ◽  
Filippo Ghin ◽  
Gianluca Campana
Keyword(s):  
Retention Interval ◽  
Visual Motion ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Late Phase ◽  
Memory Encoding ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Motion Direction ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Visual Short Term Memory ◽  
Functional Integrity

We investigated the role of the human medio-temporal complex (hMT+) in the memory encoding and storage of a sequence of four coherently moving RDKs by applying repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) during an early or late phase of the retention interval. Moreover, in a second experiment we also tested whether disrupting the functional integrity of hMT+ during the early phase impaired the precision of the encoded motion directions. Overall, results showed that both recognition accuracy and precision were worse in middle serial positions, suggesting the occurrence of primacy and recency effects. We found that rTMS delivered during the early (but not the late) phase of the retention interval was able to impair not only recognition of RDKs, but also the precision of the retained motion direction. However, such impairment occurred only for RDKs presented in middle positions along the presented sequence, where performance was already closer to chance level. Altogether these findings suggest an involvement of hMT+ in the memory encoding of visual motion direction. Given that both position sequence and rTMS modulated not only recognition but also precision of the stored information, these findings are in support of a model of visual short-term memory with a variable resolution of each stored item, consistent with the assigned amount of memory resources, and that such item-specific memory resolution is supported by the functional integrity of area hMT+.

Retention Interval Affects Visual Short-Term Memory Encoding

2010 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 1425-1430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Éva M. Bankó ◽  
Zoltán Vidnyánszky
Keyword(s):  
Retention Interval ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Emotional Expressions ◽  
Memory Encoding ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Visual Short Term Memory ◽  
N170 Component ◽  
Related Potentials

Humans can efficiently store fine-detailed facial emotional information in visual short-term memory for several seconds. However, an unresolved question is whether the same neural mechanisms underlie high-fidelity short-term memory for emotional expressions at different retention intervals. Here we show that retention interval affects the neural processes of short-term memory encoding using a delayed facial emotion discrimination task. The early sensory P100 component of the event-related potentials (ERP) was larger in the 1-s interstimulus interval (ISI) condition than in the 6-s ISI condition, whereas the face-specific N170 component was larger in the longer ISI condition. Furthermore, the memory-related late P3b component of the ERP responses was also modulated by retention interval: it was reduced in the 1-s ISI as compared with the 6-s condition. The present findings cannot be explained based on differences in sensory processing demands or overall task difficulty because there was no difference in the stimulus information and subjects' performance between the two different ISI conditions. These results reveal that encoding processes underlying high-precision short-term memory for facial emotional expressions are modulated depending on whether information has to be stored for one or for several seconds.

scholarly journals Retroactive Interference in Visual Short-Term Memory

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Mercer
Keyword(s):  
Retention Interval ◽  
Retroactive Interference ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Temporal Position ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Visual Short Term Memory ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
New Information ◽  
Test Objects

Abstract. Retroactive interference occurs when new information disrupts the retention of an existing representation, but its effects on visual short-term memory remain poorly understood. The present study examined three factors predicted to influence domain-specific retroactive interference, including the type of distractor, its temporal position, and the length of the retention interval. Participants compared target and test objects over a brief interval that either was unfilled or contained a similar or dissimilar distractor occurring 200 ms or 1.5 s after the target offset. Retention was influenced by the temporal position of the distractor and its relationship with the to-be-remembered target. Specifically, retroactive interference was only observed following the presentation of a dissimilar distractor that occurred 1.5 s after the target. These results suggest that novel distractors may be particularly interfering.

A parametric study of visual short-term memory encoding

NeuroImage ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 332
Author(s):  
René Marois ◽  
Marvin M. Chun ◽  
John C. Gore
Keyword(s):  
Parametric Study ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Encoding ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Visual Short Term Memory

scholarly journals Visual short-term memory encoding requires central capacity

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. 716-716
Author(s):  
P. Jolicoeur ◽  
B. Stevanovski
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Encoding ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Visual Short Term Memory

Dynamic Visual Noise Affects Visual Short-Term Memory for Surface Color, but not Spatial Location

2010 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Dent
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Spatial Location ◽  
Visual Noise ◽  
Dynamic Visual Noise ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Surface Color ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Visual Short Term Memory ◽  
Experimental Tool ◽  
Spatial Locations

In two experiments participants retained a single color or a set of four spatial locations in memory. During a 5 s retention interval participants viewed either flickering dynamic visual noise or a static matrix pattern. In Experiment 1 memory was assessed using a recognition procedure, in which participants indicated if a particular test stimulus matched the memorized stimulus or not. In Experiment 2 participants attempted to either reproduce the locations or they picked the color from a whole range of possibilities. Both experiments revealed effects of dynamic visual noise (DVN) on memory for colors but not for locations. The implications of the results for theories of working memory and the methodological prospects for DVN as an experimental tool are discussed.

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