scholarly journals Impact of Equine-Assisted Interventions on Heart Rate Variability in Two Participants with 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome: A Pilot Study

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1073
Author(s):  
Maria Amado-Fuentes ◽  
Margarita Gozalo ◽  
Andres Garcia-Gomez ◽  
Sabina Barrios-Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
22Q11.2 Deletion Syndrome ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Deletion Syndrome ◽  
22Q11.2 Deletion ◽  
Equine Assisted

People with disabilities due to genetic origin often present high levels of stress: non-pharmacological interventions such as Equine-Assisted Interventions (EAI) may be a useful strategy. The objective of this pilot study was to evaluate stress levels in two participants with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome diagnosis, immediately after carrying out the EAI. A single case experimental design methodology was chosen due to the small sample size. Two participants with 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome, a rare disease, with different comorbidities were included. The present study considered the EAI as the independent variable while the Heart Rate Variability (HRV) represented the dependent one, as HRV is considered an indicator of stress level. Measurements were performed before and after carrying out the interventions. The results showed an HRV increase in one of the participants and an increase in the arousal level evidenced by a decrease in his HRV. After having carried out the program, EAI seems to cause an impact on the activation level of the participants depending on the typology and nature of the intervention. However, these results should be treated with caution due to the small sample size. This study is a pilot to test the feasibility of the proposed interventions on the variable under study.

scholarly journals Bench behaviour of ice hockey coaches: Psychophysiological and verbal responses to critical game incidents

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D Kennedy ◽  
Camilla J Knight
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Critical Incident ◽  
Critical Incidents ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Verbal Responses

The purpose of this study was to examine coaches’ psychophysiological and verbal responses to different game situations. The in-game heart rate and verbal responses of three elite ice hockey coaches to four critical game incidents (Goals For/Against; Penalties Taken/Drawn) over four university women’s games were assessed. Verbal comments were categorised using the Coach Behaviour Assessment System, and then comments and heart rate were sequenced to critical incidents recorded on video review. Overall, in-game heart rate was greater than rest and coaches were rarely silent. General encouragement and general commentary were the most common verbal comments. Two hundred and eight critical incident comments were recorded (Goals For/Against 34.6 %; Penalties Taken/Drawn 65.4%) associated with a 10 bpm greater heart rate. Most common verbal responses to critical incidents were general commentary, silence and organisation. The type of comment was affected by the type of critical incident. In 78% of critical incidents, the type of comment made before incidents differed to type of comment after the incident, coaches rarely talked at the same time and silence was common. These novel findings are limited to ice hockey coaches given the small sample size. However, these results should encourage more research into the psychophysiological and verbal responses of coaches in other team sports real game situations to better understand in game coaching behaviour.

scholarly journals Stereotypes of Social Groups in Mainland China in Terms of Warmth and Competence: Evidence from a Large Undergraduate Sample

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3559
Author(s):  
Zouhui Ji ◽  
Yaping Yang ◽  
Xinfang Fan ◽  
Yuting Wang ◽  
Qiang Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Word List ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Target Groups ◽  
Content Model ◽  
Stereotype Content

The Stereotype Content Model (SCM) has been validated in multiple countries and regions. However, previous validation studies in China have been limited by small sample size. The current research increased the sample size (n = 184 in the pilot study; n1 = 1315 and n2 = 268 in the formal study) to validate the SCM in mainland China in study 1. Supporting the SCM, 41 social groups were clustered into four quadrants based on warmth and competence dimensions. 35 of the 41 target groups (85.37%) receive ambivalent stereotype. Perceived warmth and competence were positively correlated (r = 0.585, p < 0.001). Status and competence were positively related (r = 0.81, p < 0.001), and competition and warmth were negatively related (r = −0.77, p < 0.001). In addition, 24 typical social groups were selected and a list of stereotype words for these groups was developed in study 2 (n1 = 48, n2 = 52). The implications of the emerging social groups and the applications of this stereotype word list are discussed.

scholarly journals Feasibility of Heavy Slow Resistance Training in patients with subacromial shoulder pain. A single-blind, randomized pilot study.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Kvalvaag ◽  
Hans Hugo Fredriksen Høiland ◽  
Marianne Bakke Johnsen ◽  
Jens Ivar Brox ◽  
Kaia Beck Engebretsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Shoulder Pain ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Pilot Trial ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Dash Score ◽  
Home Training

Abstract Background: Subacromial shoulder pain is the most common shoulder diagnosis, and should preferably be treated non-operatively. Previous studies have shown promising results of Heavy Slow Resistance training (HSR) in patellar and Achilles tendinopathy, but few studies have evaluated the effect of HSR for shoulder pain. The purpose of this pilot trial was to evaluate if HSR training is feasible for patients with subacromial shoulder pain, and to compare HSR to traditional supervised exercises. Methods: Twenty-two patients with subacromial shoulder pain lasting at least three months were recruited and randomized to HSR (n=11) or traditional supervised exercises (n=11) by computer-generated randomization in blocks of four. Patients received HSR once a week, in addition to home-training twice a week, or supervised exercises twice a week for 12 weeks, in addition to daily home-training. The primary outcome measure was the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI). Linear regression analysis was applied to evaluate the between group differences after 12 weeks. Outcome assessors were masked. Results: After 12 weeks, patients in both groups had improved significantly from baseline in SPADI score (P=0.001) but no group difference was found (mean difference 1.3; 95% CI, -21.9 to 24.5, P=0.91). Similar non-significant results between groups were seen for pain in activity and rest, and the DASH score. Conclusion: This pilot-study observed similar results of HSR compared to supervised exercises for patients with subacromial shoulder pain and both groups improved significantly from baseline. Only one patient changed from HSR to supervised exercises due to increased pain. Based on this, HSR appears to be a feasible treatment for this patient group, but due to small sample size there is a risk of type II error and studies with larger sample size are required.

scholarly journals A pilot study on immuno-psychiatry in the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: A role for Th17 cells in psychosis?

2018 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 88-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elfi Vergaelen ◽  
Carmen Schiweck ◽  
Kristof Van Steeland ◽  
Jacqueline Counotte ◽  
Wim Veling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Th17 Cells ◽  
22Q11.2 Deletion Syndrome ◽  
Deletion Syndrome ◽  
22Q11.2 Deletion

scholarly journals Stereotypes of social groups in mainland China in terms of warmth and competence: Evidence from a large undergraduate sample

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zouhui Ji ◽  
Qing-Wei Chen ◽  
Xinfang Fan ◽  
徐强 ◽  
杨亚平
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Validation Studies ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Content Model ◽  
Formal Study ◽  
Stereotype Content

The Stereotype Content Model (SCM) has been validated in multiple countries and regions. However, the previous validation studies in China were limited by small sample size. The current research enlarged sample size (n = 184 in pilot study and n = 1315 in formal study) to validate SCM in mainland China. Supporting the SCM, 41 social groups were clustered into four quadrants based on warmth and component dimensions. In addition, 24 typical social groups were selected and a list of stereotype words for these groups was developed. The implications of the emerging social groups and the applications of this stereotype words list were discussed.

Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback Stress Relief Program for Depression

2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (06) ◽  
pp. 419-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bregje M. Hartogs ◽  
Agna A. Bartels-Velthuis ◽  
Karen Van der Ploeg ◽  
Elske H. Bos
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Stress Reduction ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Prolonged Treatment ◽  
Single Subject

SummaryBackground: Depressive disorders often have a chronic course and the efficacy of evidence-based treatments may be overestimated.Objective: To examine the effectiveness of the Heart Rate Variability Stress Reduction Program (SRP) as a supplement to standard treatment in patients with depressive disorders.Methods: The SRP was individually administered in eight weekly sessions. Seven participants completed the full protocol and were enrolled in a single-subject ABA multiple baseline experimental design. To perform interrupted time-series analyses, daily measures were completed in a diary (depression, resilience, happiness, heart coherence and a personalized outcome measure).Results: Five out of seven patients improved in depressed mood and/or a personalized outcome measure. The effect of treatment was reversed in four patients during the withdrawal phase. One patient reliably improved on depression, whereas two patients recovered on autonomy and one on social optimism. No consistent relationship was found between the heart rate variability-related level of coherence and self-reported mood levels.Conclusions: The SRP is beneficial in some domains and for some patients. A prolonged treatment or continued home practice may be required for enduring effects. The intervention had more clinical impact on resilience-related outcome measures than on symptoms. The small sample size does not permit generalization of the results. We recommend future investigation of the underlying mechanisms of the SRP.

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