Mid-term outcomes of a stemless ceramic head anatomic total shoulder replacement

Background In an anatomic shoulder replacement (aTSR) good results have been reported with the use of a stemless humeral prosthesis. In vitro a ceramic articulation with polyethylene has been shown to produce less polyethylene wear particles than with metal. This study aims to evaluate clinical and radiographic results of a stemless aTSR with a ceramic head articulating with a polyethylene glenoid component, with mid-term follow-up. Methods All patients (n = 92) in this prospective study had an aTSR utilizing a stemless humeral component with a ceramic head and a cemented double pegged cemented polyethylene glenoid component for glenohumeral osteoarthritis. Pre- and postoperative clinical evaluations at 2 years were performed using the ASES score, Constant score, SPADI score, DASH score, VAS pain score, patient satisfaction and range of motion. There was a 5-year evaluation of SPADI, ASES, pain, and satisfaction, plus radiographic assessment of glenoid component radiolucent lines and humeral osteolysis. Results Seventy-four cases (68.1 ± 7.1 years) had a five-year follow-up and demonstrated active elevation improvement from 91.3° preoperatively to 151.1° (p < 0.001). Further improvement was identified with the ASES from 41.6 to 94.3, the SPADI from 62.9 to 4.3, VAS pain from 5.6 to 0.4 (0–10), and satisfaction levels were at 96%. Sixty-two cases had no glenoid radiolucent lines with a maximum Lazarus score of 2 in one patient. Constant scores, available up to 2 years, improved significantly from 30.3 to 77.9 (p < 0.001). There was one case that required revision for glenoid loosening. Conclusions Overall, the 5-year results of this ceramic head prosthesis demonstrated good radiographic and clinical outcomes. Trial registration ACTRN12613001183774. Registered: 29 October 2013 - Retrospectively registered. Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR).

Early fixation of the humeral component in stemless total shoulder arthroplasty

Aims Stemless humeral implants have been developed to overcome stem-related complications in total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA). However, stemless implant designs may hypothetically result in less stable initial fixation, potentially affecting long-term survival. The aim of this study is to investigate early fixation and migration patterns of the stemless humeral component of the Simpliciti Shoulder System and to evaluate clinical outcomes. Methods In this prospective cohort study, radiostereometric analysis (RSA) radiographs were obtained in 24 patients at one day, six weeks, six months, one year, and two years postoperatively. Migration was calculated using model-based RSA. Clinical outcomes were evaluated using the visual analogue scale (VAS), the Oxford Shoulder Score (OSS), the Constant-Murley Score (CMS), and the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score. Results At two years, median translation along the x-, y-, and z-axis was -0.12 mm (interquartile range (IQR) -0.18 to 0.02), -0.17 mm (IQR -0.27 to -0.09), and 0.09 mm (IQR 0.02 to 0.31). Median rotation around the x-, y-, and z-axis was 0.12° (IQR -0.50 to 0.57), -0.98° (IQR -1.83 to 1.23), and 0.09° (IQR -0.76 to 0.30). Overall, 20 prostheses stabilized within 12 months postoperatively. Four prostheses showed continuous migration between 12 and 24 months. At two-year follow-up, with the exception of one revised prosthesis, all clinical scores improved significantly (median VAS difference at rest: -3.0 (IQR -1.5 to -6.0); OSS 22.0 (IQR 15.0 to 25.0); CMS 29.5 (IQR 15.0 to 35.75); and DASH -30.0 (IQR -20.6 to -41.67) (all p < 0.001)) with the exception of one revised prosthesis. Conclusion In conclusion, we found that 20 out of 24 implants stabilized within 12 months postoperatively. The significance of continuous migration in four implants is unclear and future research on the predictive value of early migration for future loosening in TSA is required. Clinical results revealed a clinically relevant improvement. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2022;104-B(1):76–82.

Treatment of subacute/chronic ECU tendinopathy using wrist arthroscopy and open surgical repair

Purpose To report the arthroscopic and clinical findings of patients with extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU) tendinopathy treated with wrist arthroscopy and open surgical repair. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of seven patients with chronic ECU tendinopathy who were treated with diagnostic wrist arthroscopy and open surgical repair between 2010 and 2017. Seven cases diagnosed with ECU tendinopathy had undergone open procedure for the ECU tendinopathy, as well as wrist arthroscopy in the same session. Any pathology of the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) diagnosed by wrist arthroscopy were treated simultaneously with open procedure for the ECU tendinopathy. The functional outcome was evaluated by comparing the preoperative and final follow-up values of range of motion (ROM), grip strength, visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, modified Mayo wrist score and quick disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand (DASH) score. Results TFCC tears were identified in four patients of which repair was performed concomitantly. The average follow-up period was 39 months (range, 25–49 months). At the final follow-up, all the outcomes including average VAS score (6.4→1), the ROM (173→192°), quick DASH score (42.5→18.2), and modified Mayo wrist score (48.6→79.3) improved significantly. Conclusion When treating patients with ECU tendinopathy, the possibility of TFCC combined injury should always be considered. If surgical treatment is planned, we suggest a wrist arthroscopy for more accurate diagnosis an intra-articular pathology, particularly for patients whose MRI findings suggest a degenerative tear or degeneration at the periphery of the TFCC. Additionally, if ECU and DRUJ stability is obtained by repair or reconstruction of the concurrent pathologies in the ECU subsheath, TFCC and other intra-articular structures, the results will be favorable.

Analysis of Fracture Midshaft Clavicle Treated by Intramedullary Device Versus Conservative

Clavicle fractures account for about 2.6 to 4 % of all fractures. The best method to treat the displaced midshaft fracture of the clavicle remains a topic of debate. Although there is a large number of studies published about this topic, it is still relatively unknown as to which modality provides better long term functional outcomes and low complications rates. In our study, we have analyzed midshaft clavicle fracture treated with intramedullary device versus conservatively in terms of clinical, functional and radiological outcomes. The mean age of the patients in our study was 35.766 years. Male: Female ratio was 5.0:1.0. The mean time interval between injury and intervention was 2.1 days. Out of 30 patients, 11 patients (36.666%) had left sided fractures, while 19 patients (63.333%) had right sided fractures. Out of 30 patients, 12 patients (40%) had type 2B1 fracture according to Robinson's classification, followed by type 11 patients (36.666%) type 2B2, 6 patients (20%) type 2A1 and 1 patient (3.333%) type 2A2 fracture. Inoperative group, the mean Constant and Murley score before the intervention, at 1 month follow up, 3 months follow up and at 6 months follow up were 47.46, 76.73, 82.8 and 90.73, while in a conservative group, it was 47.53, 71.66, 79.2 and 89.46 respectively. Inoperative group, the mean Q-DASH score before the intervention, at 1 month follow up, 3 months follow up and at 6 months follow up were 29.33, 19.33, 16.86 and 13.8, while in a conservative group, it was 31.266, 22.533, 18.8 and 15.66 respectively. The final outcome, on the basis of the final Constant and Murley score in 13 patients (43.33%), was excellent, 11 patients (36.66%) was good and 6 patients (20%) was fair. Inoperative group, complications were seen in 6 patients (40%), while in the conservative group, complications were seen in 10 patients (66.66%). Thus, the functional, clinical and radiological outcome of the patients managed surgically with an intramedullary device was significantly better when compared with patients treated conservatively.

Association of Dietary Pattern, Lifestyle and Chronotype with Metabolic Syndrome in Elderly—Lessons from the Population-Based Hamburg City Health Study

In aging populations, the increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome and the resulting elevated risk of developing non-communicable diseases is a major challenge for worldwide health care. The elderly population-based Hamburg City Health Study (HCHS) allows investigating the association in the relevant age group 45–74 years. For 3513 of 10,000 participants, self-reported information on dietary patterns (DASH, MEDAS), chronotype, lifestyle, and data on metabolic syndrome parameters was available. Overall, having a “low” DASH score was a statistically significant risk factor (OR 1.23; 95% CI 1.01–1.48). Only for “late” chronotype, a slightly elevated OR (1.06) was found, but no statistically significant effect on the outcome of metabolic syndrome. Still, considering chronotype vastly improved the model. However, a trend of an increasing predicted probability from early to late chronotype was found for participants with low adherence to the DASH diet. Future research should focus on options for prevention in persons with late chronotype, so they can be supported better in adherence to, e.g., DASH diet to lower their risk.

Volar Lunate Facet Rim Fractures: K-I Classification and Technique

Background and Purpose It is difficult to capture and safely support a small volar lunate facet (VLF) fragment and obtain sufficient initial fixation. The challenge in treating VLF rim fractures has resulted in various management options. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiological outcomes of a consecutive series of VLF rim fractures of the distal radius treated surgically and to report the Kondo–Imatani (K-I) classification of these fractures, using computed tomography (CT) images and surgical technique, which is termed the Plate buttress and Double tiered subchondral support (PD) technique. Patients and Methods A retrospective review was conducted on 35 patients with VLF rim fractures that included postoperative clinical evaluations, CT images, and radiographs. Description of Technique The PD technique to stabilize the VLF fragment with an anatomical and low-profile volar locking plate (VLP). Results All fractures healed at the final follow-up; Mayo wrist performance score average was 81.7 points (45–100), and the quick disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand (quick-DASH) score average was 9.5 points (0–31.8), showing relatively good clinical results. Conclusion VLF rim fragments are not amenable to standard VLP fixation. Unstable fixation may result in postoperative correction loss, aseptic necrosis, malunion, radiocarpal subluxation, and wrist dysfunction. This report described the K-I classification for VLF rim fractures of the distal radius and surgical technique, termed the PD technique, to stabilize the VLF rim fragment with an anatomical and low-profile VLP. Level of Evidence This is a Level IV, case series study.

Proximal Interphalangeal Joint Arthroplasty Using the Wide-Awake Local Anesthesia No Tourniquet Technique

Background: Proximal interphalangeal joint (PIPJ) osteoarthritis is a common condition that results in pain, stiffness, and loss of function in the affected hand. Proximal interphalangeal joint arthroplasty is an effective treatment option when conservative methods have failed. The wide-awake local anesthesia no tourniquet (WALANT) technique to perform surgery carries advantages such as lack of tourniquet discomfort, reduces the staffing and costs associated with anesthesia and sedation, and allows faster recovery. We aimed to determine whether the WALANT technique was safe and effective in the context of PIPJ arthroplasty. Methods: Patients were enrolled retrospectively from January 2015 to October 2020 by examining operating theater records and surgeon logbooks. Electronic patient records were examined to obtain patient data. Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) questionnaires and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain were sent by post to patients—with a separate DASH and VAS for each digit operated on. Results: Twenty-nine PIPJ arthroplasties were carried out using WALANT technique by 3 different surgeons all using the dorsal approach. All cases were successfully carried out as day-case procedures. There was a significant correlation with increasing VAS and increasing DASH score. Proximal interphalangeal joint arthroplasty improved range of motion from 28.9 ± 5.5° to 79.4 ± 13.3° ( P < .0001). Two cases developed complications related to surgery. Conclusions: Our study is the first to report the use of WALANT to perform PIPJ arthroplasty, and shows comparable results with traditional methods. Larger, multicenter prospective trials are required to determine the efficacy of this technique and to quantify its economical benefit.

Outcome of Surgical Treated Isolated Pronator Teres Syndromes—A Retrospective Cohort Study and Complete Review of the Literature

Purpose: This study aims to elucidate the occurrence of postoperative carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), the functional outcome of patients with primary pronator teres syndrome (PTS), and review complete literature regarding this topic. Material and Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted in patients with PTS at a single center. In all patients, a numeric Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score, Pinch-Test, Jamar hand dynamometer test (JAMAR), and the Disabilities of the Arm Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score were analyzed preoperatively and at final follow-up to assess outcome. Additionally, a complete review of the literature was performed, including all data dealing with pronator teres syndrome. Results: Ten female and two male patients were included with a mean age of 49 years. Significant improvement in DASH and numeric VAS was detected at latest postoperative follow-up. In three patients, clinical signs of CTS pathology were detected during the follow-up period. One patient needed to be treated surgically, and in the other two patients, a conservative management was possible. In one patient (8%), a PTS recurrence was detected. All patients presented satisfied at latest follow-up. Conclusion: In one-fourth of our patients, a CTS occurred during the follow-up period. Therefore, focusing on double-crush syndrome in unclear or mixed symptoms is necessary to avoid multiple operations. Furthermore, it seems that assessment with NCV is not enough for diagnosing PTS; therefore, further research is needed to clarify this problem.

Large segmental defects in midshaft clavicle nonunion treated with autologous tricortical iliac crest bone graft

Background To evaluate the use of intercalary iliac crest bone graft in the treatment of clavicle nonunion with a large segmental bone defect (3–6 cm). Methods This retrospective study evaluated patients with large segmental bone defects (3–6 cm) after clavicle nonunion, treated with open reposition internal fixation and iliac crest bone graft between February 2003 and March 2021. At follow-up the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire was administered. A literature search was performed to provide an overview of commonly used graft types per defect size. Results We included five patients treated with open reposition internal fixation and iliac crest bone graft for clavicle nonunion with a median defect size of 3.3 cm (range 3–6 cm). Union was achieved in all five, and all pre-operative symptoms resolved. The median DASH score was 23 out of 100 (IQR 8-24). An extensive literature search revealed that there are no studies describing the use of an used iliac crest graft for defects larger than 3 cm. Instead, a vascularized graft was typically used to treat defects sizes between 2.5 and 8 cm. Discussion An autologous non-vascularized iliac crest bone graft can be safely used and is reproducible to treat a midshaft clavicle non-union with a bone defect between 3 and 6 cm.

Surgical Versus Non-Surgical Treatment of Humeral Shaft Fractures Compared By a Patient Reported Outcome: The Scandinavian Humeral Diaphyseal Fracture Trial (SHAFT) - A Study Protocol For a Pragmatic Randomized Clinical Trial

Background: The outcome of non-surgical treatment is generally good, but the treatment course can be long and painful with approximately a quarter of the patients acquiring a nonunion. Both surgical and non-surgical treatment can have disabling consequences such as nerve injury, infection and nonunion. The purpose of the study is to compare patient reported outcome after surgical and non-surgical treatment for humeral shaft fractures. Methods: A pragmatic randomized controlled trial is planned with two study groups (SHAFT-Y and SHAFT-E). A total of 287 eligible acute humeral shaft fractures are scheduled to be recruited and randomly allocated to surgical or non-surgical treatment with the option of early crossover due to delayed union. The surgical method within the allocation is decided by the surgeon. The primary outcome is the Disability of Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score at 52 weeks, and is assessor blinded. The secondary outcomes are DASH score, EQ-5D-5L, pain assessed by visual analogue score, Constant-Murley score including elbow range of motion and anchor-questions collected at all timepoints throughout the trial. All complications will be reported including; infection, nerve or vascular injury, surgical revisions (implant malpositioning, hardware failure, aseptic loosening and peri-implant fracture), major adverse cardiovascular events, and mortality. Patients declining randomization will be asked to enroll into an observational cohort with same outcomes and post-treatment regimes. Discussion: SHAFT will provide information on the effectiveness of two standard treatments for humeral shaft fractures, while taking the dilemmas within the population into account. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT04574336. Registered on 5 October 2020.