scholarly journals Efficient Implementation of a Crypto Library Using Web Assembly

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1839
Author(s):  
BoSun Park ◽  
JinGyo Song ◽  
Seog Chung Seo
Keyword(s):  
Key Agreement ◽  
Timing Analysis ◽  
Scalar Multiplication ◽  
Message Authentication ◽  
Authentication Code ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Atomic Block ◽  
Data Authentication ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Block Based

We implement a cryptographic library using Web Assembly. Web Assembly is expected to show better performance than Javascript. The proposed library provides comprehensive algorithm sets including revised CHAM, Hash Message Authentication Code (HMAC), and ECDH using the NIST P-256 curve to provide confidentiality, data authentication, and key agreement functions. To optimize the performance of revised CHAM in the proposed library, we apply an existing method that is a four-round combining method and additionally propose the precomputation method to CHAM-64/128. The proposed revised CHAM showed an approximate 2.06 times (CHAM-64/128), approximate 2.13 times (CHAM-128/128), and approximate 2.63 times (CHAM-128/256) performance improvement in Web Assembly compared to JavaScript. In addition, CHAM-64/128 applying the precomputation method showed an improved performance by approximately 1.2 times more than the existing CHAM-64/128. For the ECDH using P-256 curve, the naive implementation of ECDH is vulnerable to side-channel attacks (SCA), e.g., simple power analysis (SPA), and timing analysis (TA). Thus, we apply an SPA and TA resistant scalar multiplication method, which is a core operation in ECDH. We present atomic block-based scalar multiplication by revising the previous work. Existing atomic blocks show a performance overhead of 55%, 23%, and 37%, but atomic blocks proposed to use only P=(X,Y,Z) show 18%, 6%, and 11% performance overhead. The proposed Web Assembly-based crypto library provides enhanced performance and resistance against SCA thus, it can be used in various web-based applications.

scholarly journals Location-based key management, data authentication and aggregation in wireless sensor networks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Data Aggregation ◽  
Key Management ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Message Authentication ◽  
Authentication Code ◽  
Data Authentication ◽  
Efficient Data ◽  
Group A ◽  
Previous Design

The first design presents a novel location-based key management and en-route data authentication proposal. It divides the whole sensing area into a number of location cells. A group of location cells consist of a logical group. A pairwise key between two sensor nodes is established based on grid-based bivariate t-degree polynomials. Any valid reading report needs to collect enough message authentication code (MACs) from different neighbours. These pairwise keys used for generating the MAC are forwarded several hops down to the base station for future en-route data authentication. The second design proposes a greedy location-based secure and energy-efficient data aggregation approach. It further utilizes data aggregation based on the previous design by setting up control groups, applying pattern codes, selecting and switching control head nodes dynamically and periodically. In addition, different from the first design, it only requires control head nodes to collect enough MACs in each reading report. Extensive analysis, evaluations and experiments show us that both designs are secure, efficient and resilient.

scholarly journals Location-based key management, data authentication and aggregation in wireless sensor networks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Data Aggregation ◽  
Key Management ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Message Authentication ◽  
Authentication Code ◽  
Data Authentication ◽  
Efficient Data ◽  
Group A ◽  
Previous Design

The first design presents a novel location-based key management and en-route data authentication proposal. It divides the whole sensing area into a number of location cells. A group of location cells consist of a logical group. A pairwise key between two sensor nodes is established based on grid-based bivariate t-degree polynomials. Any valid reading report needs to collect enough message authentication code (MACs) from different neighbours. These pairwise keys used for generating the MAC are forwarded several hops down to the base station for future en-route data authentication. The second design proposes a greedy location-based secure and energy-efficient data aggregation approach. It further utilizes data aggregation based on the previous design by setting up control groups, applying pattern codes, selecting and switching control head nodes dynamically and periodically. In addition, different from the first design, it only requires control head nodes to collect enough MACs in each reading report. Extensive analysis, evaluations and experiments show us that both designs are secure, efficient and resilient.

Association between Participation in an Intensive Longitudinal Assessment Program and Performance on a Cognitive Examination in the Maintenance of Certification in Anesthesiology Program®

2016 ◽  
Vol 125 (5) ◽  
pp. 1046-1055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huaping Sun ◽  
Yan Zhou ◽  
Deborah J. Culley ◽  
Cynthia A. Lien ◽  
Ann E. Harman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Learning Resources ◽  
Longitudinal Assessment ◽  
Immediate Feedback ◽  
High Stakes ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Maintenance Of Certification ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
And Performance ◽  
First Time

Abstract Background As part of the Maintenance of Certification in Anesthesiology Program® (MOCA®), the American Board of Anesthesiology (Raleigh, North Carolina) developed the MOCA Minute program, a web-based intensive longitudinal assessment involving weekly questions with immediate feedback and links to learning resources. This observational study tested the hypothesis that individuals who participate in the MOCA Minute program perform better on the MOCA Cognitive Examination (CE) compared with those who do not participate. Methods Two separate cohorts of individuals eligible for July 2014 and January 2015 CEs were invited to participate in this pilot. The CE scores for each cohort were compared between those who did and did not participate, controlling for the factors known to affect performance. For the first cohort, examination performances for topics covered and not covered by the MOCA Minute were analyzed separately. Results Six hundred sixteen diplomates in July 2014 and 684 diplomates in January 2015 took the CE for the first time. In multiple regression analysis, those actively participating scored 9.9 points (95% CI, 0.8 to 18.9) and 9.3 points (95% CI, 2.3 to 16.3) higher when compared with those not enrolled, respectively. Compared to the group that did not enroll in MOCA Minute, those who enrolled but did not actively participate demonstrated no improvement in scores. MOCA Minute participation was associated with improvement in both questions covering topics included the MOCA Minute and questions not covering these topics. Conclusions This analysis provides evidence that voluntary active participation in a program featuring frequent knowledge assessments accompanied by targeted learning resources is associated with improved performance on a high-stakes CE.

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