Cellular Interaction of Human Skin Cells towards Natural Bioink via 3D-Bioprinting Technologies for Chronic Wound: A Comprehensive Review

Skin substitutes can provide a temporary or permanent treatment option for chronic wounds. The selection of skin substitutes depends on several factors, including the type of wound and its severity. Full-thickness skin grafts (SGs) require a well-vascularised bed and sometimes will lead to contraction and scarring formation. Besides, donor sites for full-thickness skin grafts are very limited if the wound area is big, and it has been proven to have the lowest survival rate compared to thick- and thin-split thickness. Tissue engineering technology has introduced new advanced strategies since the last decades to fabricate the composite scaffold via the 3D-bioprinting approach as a tissue replacement strategy. Considering the current global donor shortage for autologous split-thickness skin graft (ASSG), skin 3D-bioprinting has emerged as a potential alternative to replace the ASSG treatment. The three-dimensional (3D)-bioprinting technique yields scaffold fabrication with the combination of biomaterials and cells to form bioinks. Thus, the essential key factor for success in 3D-bioprinting is selecting and developing suitable bioinks to maintain the mechanisms of cellular activity. This crucial stage is vital to mimic the native extracellular matrix (ECM) for the sustainability of cell viability before tissue regeneration. This comprehensive review outlined the application of the 3D-bioprinting technique to develop skin tissue regeneration. The cell viability of human skin cells, dermal fibroblasts (DFs), and keratinocytes (KCs) during in vitro testing has been further discussed prior to in vivo application. It is essential to ensure the printed tissue/organ constantly allows cellular activities, including cell proliferation rate and migration capacity. Therefore, 3D-bioprinting plays a vital role in developing a complex skin tissue structure for tissue replacement approach in future precision medicine.

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Full-thickness skin grafts for surgical defects of the nasal ala - a comprehensive review, approach and outcomes of 186 cases over 9 years

British Journal of Dermatology ◽

10.1111/bjd.12792 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 170 (5) ◽

pp. 1106-1113 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

E. Tan ◽

N. Mortimer ◽

P. Salmon

Keyword(s):

Skin Grafts ◽

Full Thickness ◽

Comprehensive Review ◽

Full Thickness Skin ◽

Thickness Skin ◽

Nasal Ala

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Regeneration of Functional, Full-Thickness Skin With Minimal Donor Site Contribution Using Autologous Homologous Skin Construct

Plastic Surgery Case Studies ◽

10.1177/2513826x19898810 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. 2513826X1989881

Author(s):

Kelsey Isbester ◽

Corinne Wee ◽

Samual Boas ◽

Nikolai Sopko ◽

Anand Kumar

Keyword(s):

New Technology ◽

Donor Site ◽

Hair Follicles ◽

Small Samples ◽

Limiting Factor ◽

Skin Grafts ◽

Full Thickness ◽

Skin Substitutes ◽

Full Thickness Skin ◽

Thickness Skin

Autologous skin grafts (autografts) remain the gold standard in the treatment of skin loss. For extensive wounds or burns, however, identifying adequate donor sites can be the limiting factor. Additionally, donor sites are associated with pain, risk of infection, and poor cosmetic outcomes. Many skin substitutes have been engineered as alternatives to traditional autografts. These substitutes, however, all leave something to be desired either functionally or cosmetically. This report describes the use of a new technology, autologous homologous skin constructs, to regenerate full-thickness skin grafts that maintain functional polarity, allowing important components of skin such as glands and hair follicles to regenerate. These grafts only require small samples of full-thickness skin from the patient, decreasing issues of donor site availability.

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