scholarly journals Enhanced Control of the Fungus Gnat Bradysia odoriphaga (Diptera: Sciaridae) by Co-Application of Clothianidin and Hexaflumuron

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 571
Author(s):  
Yongqing Wang ◽  
Kai Wan ◽  
Ruifei Wang ◽  
Jiyingzi Wu ◽  
Ruiquan Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Residue Limit ◽  
Control Efficacy ◽  
Codex Alimentarius ◽  
Codex Alimentarius Commission ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Fungus Gnat ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
First Time

The fungus gnat is a major pest of chive in China. Its control has been relied heavily on the application of clothianidin. Due to the intensive application, its control efficacy become reduced. The present study was intended to evaluate co-drenching of clothianidin with hexaflumuron on absorption and dissipation of clothianidin in chive plants and soils and determine the effect of such application on control efficacies. Chive production fields in Guangdong and Hubei Provinces were drenched with clothianidin alone and a mixture of clothianidin and hexaflumuron at low application rates. Concentrations of clothianidin in chive plants and soils were analyzed by HPLC. Results showed that co-application had higher control efficacies against the fungus gnat than clothianidin alone. The co-application enhanced clothianidin absorption and dissipation and extended the half-lives of clothianidin in chive. It was likely that hexaflumuron protected chive roots from larva damage, and healthy roots absorbed more clothianidin, resulting in the extension of the half-lives. Additionally, the terminal residues of clothianidin in chive after 14 days of application were lower than the maximum residue limit in chive set by the Codex Alimentarius Commission. This study for the first time documented that co-application of clothianidin and hexaflumuron improved chive plants in absorption and dissipation of clothianidin and enhanced fungus gnat control efficacies.

scholarly journals Pesquisa de gliadina em medicamentos: informação relevante para a orientação de pacientes com doença celíaca

2001 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 176-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Lucia SDEPANIAN ◽  
Isabel Cristina Affonso SCALETSKY ◽  
Mauro Batista de MORAIS ◽  
Ulysses FAGUNDES-NETO
Keyword(s):  
Codex Alimentarius ◽  
Codex Alimentarius Commission

Racional — Alguns medicamentos podem conter gliadina, portanto, sua utilização poderá ser prejudicial aos pacientes com doença celíaca. Objetivo - Detectar a presença de gliadina em medicamentos comumente comercializados no Brasil. Métodos - Foram analisados 78 medicamentos sorteados a partir de uma lista de 180 produtos comumente comercializados. Os medicamentos analisados foram: analgésicos (n = 9), anti-helmínticos (n = 3), antiácidos (n = 8), antibióticos (n = 13), anticolesterolêmicos (n = 1), anticonvulsivantes (n = 2), antidepressivos (n = 2), antidiabéticos (n = 1), antieméticos (n = 3), anti-hipertensivos (n = 3), anti-histamínicos (n = 3), antiinflamatórios (n = 7), antitérmicos (n = 2), broncodilatadores (n = 1), descongestionantes (n = 4), laxantes (n = 1), contraceptivos orais (n = 5) e vitaminas (n = 10). As amostras foram analisadas pela técnica de ELISA utilizando anticorpo monoclonal ômega-gliadina, considerada de eleição segundo o Codex Alimentarius Commission WHO/FAO. Todas as amostras foram analisadas em duplicata. O nível de detecção do teste é de 4 mg de gliadina/100 g de produto. Resultados - Dentre os 78 medicamentos analisados, em apenas 1 (1,3%) foi detectada a presença de gliadina (5,5 mg/100 g). O componente ativo do medicamento é ranitidina. De acordo com o Codex Alimentarius Commission WHO/FAO, o limite máximo diário permitido ao consumo pelos indivíduos com doença celíaca é igual a 10 mg de gliadina. Considerando a quantidade de gliadina num único comprimido de ranitidina, a quantidade ingerida seria bem menor do que a máxima permitida ao consumo pelo paciente com doença celíaca. Conclusões - Neste estudo não foi identificada gliadina em medicamentos em quantidade que constitua risco para pacientes com doença celíaca.

Activities of the FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commission in the field of pesticide residues

1979 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 130-134
Author(s):  
N Van Tiel
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Pest Control ◽  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Joint Meeting ◽  
Codex Alimentarius ◽  
Codex Alimentarius Commission ◽  
Codex Committee ◽  
Consumer Safety

Established in 1963, the FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commission was charged with drawing up internationally acceptable standards for food. Tolerances for pesticide residues in food are set by an FAO panel of experts as part of the Joint Meeting on Pesticide Residues, and working closely with the Codex Committee on Pesticide Residues. Their concern is for the greatest consumer safety consistent with adequate pest control, and the facilitation of international trade.

scholarly journals Gluten hypersensitivities and their impact on the production of gluten-free beer

2020 ◽  
Vol 246 (11) ◽  
pp. 2147-2160
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Gumienna ◽  
Barbara Górna
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Technological Process ◽  
Gluten Free Diet ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Gluten Free ◽  
Free Products ◽  
Codex Alimentarius ◽  
Codex Alimentarius Commission ◽  
Sorghum Malt ◽  
Beer Production

Abstract This article consists of a study of the literature and an assessment of available data on the production of gluten-free beer and its constituents. The article shows how the FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commission for Nutrition and Foods for Special Dietary Uses defines celiac disease, gluten-free products, and gluten-free beer. It describes diet-dependent diseases, which require a gluten-free diet, and groups of potential consumers of gluten-free beer. This article describes the use of oats as a raw material for the production of brewing malt and its usefulness in the production of beer. It specifies how the technological process of standard beer production needs to be modified so that the product meets the requirements of patients with celiac disease. The article also provides an overview of literature data on the production of gluten-free beer from pseudocereal malts, such as sorghum malt, buckwheat malt, amaranth malt, and quinoa malt.

scholarly journals SANGICOCCUS SP., A NEW RECORD OF PEST DEVASTATING COCONUT PALMS IN PALAWAN, PHILIPPINES

CORD ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 16 (01) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
E.P. Pacumbaba ◽  
J.C. Orense ◽  
M.B. Zipagan ◽  
M.L.R. Imperial
Keyword(s):  
First Record ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Dry Spell ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
The World ◽  
Ant Attendance ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
First Time ◽  
Plant Sap

Sangicoccus sp. nr. truncatispinus (Reyne) (Eriococcidae: Homoptera) is recorded for the first time as a major pest of coconut palms in the Philippines. It is   also the first record among the coconut growing areas in the world. It sucks the plant sap resulting to chlorosis of leaves. Furthermore, honeydew droplets exuded by the pest accumulated on upper leaf surfaces become substrate for sootymolds.   The severe infestation observed in late 1980’s already spread to 6 out of 8 municipalities of the southern second district of Palawan. Presently, crop losses are estimated to reach 53% of the nut yield. The prevailing easterly and westerly wind directions of 1-5 m/sec coupled with the dense manner of planting enabled first instar nymphs (crawlers) to spread to other palms. The long dry spell also favored the proliferation of Sangicoccus sp.bv.   Controlling the spread and outbreak of this pest seems to be difficult as it thrives on eleven alternate hosts. Ant attendance contributed to dispersal and protection from natural enemies. Moreover, field population of ten predatory species remained minimal. Possible strategies for its control are presented.

scholarly journals COMPARING BREASTFEEDING AND FEEDING WITH INFANT FORMULA

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Kent
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health It ◽  
Codex Alimentarius ◽  
Codex Alimentarius Commission ◽  
National Governments

Global guidelines for infant formula say the ingredients are supposed to be those “which have been proved to be suitable for infant feeding.” “Proven” has not been defined, so there has not been any authoritative proof of suitability.  Assessment of infant formula has focused on its ingredients. Globally, the Codex Alimentarius Commission has set out a list of ingredients that should be in all infant formula, while also giving national governments the option to introduce some variations within that framework. As illustrated by the practice in the United States, infant formula that includes the ingredients specified in the global guidelines and in national law is described as nutritionally adequate.  This is not good enough. The gold standard against which infant formula should be compared is optimal breastfeeding. The comparison should be based not on examination of formula’s ingredients but on examination of its performance. Does infant formula do what it is supposed to do? Does feeding with any particular type of infant formula protect the health of infants and their mothers as well as breastfeeding? If not, it is not functionally adequate.  Some might argue that while infant formula is not quite as good as breastfeeding for protecting infants’ health, it is not much worse. Families might have their own reasons for feeding their infants with formula. There is a need for serious discussion of the gap between breastfeeding and feeding with formula and about the degree to which considerations other than the infant’s health might play a role. New parents should be supported in making wise, well-informed choices about how they will feed their infants.

scholarly journals Codex Alimentarius Commission Update

2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (7) ◽  
pp. 545-545
Author(s):  
Dennis J. Cada
Keyword(s):  
Codex Alimentarius ◽  
Codex Alimentarius Commission

Codex Alimentarius Commission

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Beare-Rogers ◽  
A. Dieffenbacher ◽  
J. V. Holm
Keyword(s):  
Codex Alimentarius ◽  
Codex Alimentarius Commission
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