scholarly journals A New Mitochondrial Genome of Sogatella furcifera (Horváth) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) and Mitogenome-Wide Investigation on Polymorphisms

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1066
Author(s):  
Jongsun Park ◽  
Hong Xi ◽  
Jonghyun Park ◽  
Bo Yoon Seo
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Complete Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Sogatella Furcifera ◽  
Geographically Dispersed ◽  
Migration Pathway ◽  
Rice Pests ◽  
Intraspecific Variations ◽  
Geographical Populations

White-backed planthopper (WBPH), Sogatella furcifera (Horváth), is one of the major sap-sucking rice pests in East Asia. We have determined a new complete mitochondrial genome of WBPH collected in the Korean peninsula using NGS technology. Its length and GC percentages are 16,613 bp and 23.8%, respectively. We observed one polymorphic site, a non-synonymous change, in the COX3 gene with confirmation heteroplasmy phenomenon within individuals of WBPH by PCR amplification and Sanger sequencing, the first report in this species. In addition, this heteroplasmy was not observed in wild WBPH populations, suggesting that it may be uncommon in fields. We analyzed single nucleotide polymorphisms, insertion, and deletions, and simple sequence repeats among the three WBPH mitogenomes from Korea and China and found diverse intraspecific variations, which could be potential candidates for developing markers to distinguish geographical populations. Phylogenetic analysis of 32 mitogenomes of Delphacidae including the three WBPH mitogenomes suggested that Delphacinae seems to be monophyletic and Sogatella species including WBPH are clearly formed as one clade. In the future, it is expected that complete mitogenomes of individuals of geographically dispersed WBPH populations will be used for further population genetic studies to understand the migration pathway of WBPH.

scholarly journals Identification of Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the Mitochondrial Genome and Kelch 13 Gene of Plasmodium falciparum in Different Geographical Populations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tine Kliim Nydahl ◽  
Samuel Yao Ahorhorlu ◽  
Magatte Ndiaye ◽  
Manoj Kumar Das ◽  
Helle Hansson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Artemisinin Resistance ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Genome Data ◽  
Geographical Populations ◽  
Well Differentiated

The emergence of artemisinin-resistant Plasmodium falciparum parasites in Southeast Asia threatens malaria control and elimination. The interconnectedness of parasite populations may be essential to monitor the spread of resistance. Combining a published barcoding system of geographically restricted single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), mainly mitochondria of P. falciparum with SNPs in the K13 artemisinin resistance marker, could elucidate the parasite population structure and provide insight regarding the spread of drug resistance. We explored the diversity of mitochondrial SNPs (bp position 611-2825) and identified K13 SNPs from malaria patients in the districts of India (Ranchi), Tanzania (Korogwe), and Senegal (Podor, Richard Toll, Kaolack, and Ndoffane). DNA was amplified using a nested PCR and Sanger-sequenced. Overall, 199 K13 sequences (India: N = 92; Tanzania: N = 48; Senegal: N = 59) and 237 mitochondrial sequences (India: N = 93; Tanzania: N = 48; Senegal: N = 96) were generated. SNPs were identified by comparisons with reference genomes. We detected previously reported geographically restricted mitochondrial SNPs (T2175C and G1367A) as markers for parasites originating from the Indian subcontinent and several geographically unrestricted mitochondrial SNPs. Combining haplotypes with published P. falciparum mitochondrial genome data suggested possible regional differences within India. All three countries had G1692A, but Tanzanian and Senegalese SNPs were well-differentiated. Some mitochondrial SNPs are reported here for the first time. Four nonsynonymous K13 SNPs were detected: K189T (India, Tanzania, Senegal); A175T (Tanzania); and A174V and R255K (Senegal). This study supports the use of mitochondrial SNPs to determine the origin of the parasite and suggests that the P. falciparum populations studied were susceptible to artemisinin during sampling because all K13 SNPs observed were outside the propeller domain for artemisinin resistance.

The complete mitochondrial genome of the Formosan black bear (Ursus thibetanus formosanus)

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 1971 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHI-LI TSAI ◽  
YII-CHENG CHOU ◽  
CHIH-CHIN SHIH ◽  
HSI-CHI CHENG ◽  
CHIEH-CHUNG YANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Complete Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Black Bear ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Trna Genes ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Ursus Thibetanus ◽  
Protein Coding Genes

A complete mitochondrial genome of the Formosan black bear (Ursus thibetanus formosanus) was obtained by PCR amplification and DNA sequencing. The genome spans 17,044 bp that includes 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, and two rRNA genes. The base composition of the heavy strain is 31.0% A, 25.6% C, 15.7% G, and 27.7% T. The control region (CR) is located between tRNA-Pro and tRNA-Phe, consists of 1,595 bp, and comprises 9.4% of the whole genome. The DNA sequence shares 98.7%, 96.3%, 91.0%, 91.8%, and 91.7% similarity with those of U. t. thibetanus, U. t. mupinensis, U. americanus, U. arctos, and U. maritimus respectively. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that the Formosan black bear is more closely related to U. t. thibetanus than to U. t. mupinensis.

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