scholarly journals Estimation of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Resources in the East of Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Sathiabama T. T. Thirugnana ◽  
Abu Bakar Jaafar ◽  
Takeshi Yasunaga ◽  
Tsutomu Nakaoka ◽  
Yasuyuki Ikegami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Relative Depth ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion ◽  
Thermal Energy Conversion ◽  
Oceanographic Data ◽  
Ocean Thermal Energy

The Malaysian Government has set a target of achieving 20% penetration of Renewable Energy (RE) in the energy mix spectrum by 2025. In order to get closer to the target, Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) aligned with solar PV, biogas and biomass energy sources must be evaluated and comprehended. Hybrid OTEC systems consisting of energy and water production are currently under research and validation. Therefore, for the construction of a commercial OTEC plant, 1 MW or 2.5 MW, the choice of a strategic location or potential site is vital. In this paper, oceanographic data such as seawater temperature, depth, salinity and dissolved oxygen obtained from the Japan Oceanographic Data Center (JODC) for Semporna, Tawau, Kudat, Pulau Layang-Layang and Pulau Kalumpang in Sabah, Malaysia, are reported. The RE available from the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) on the coast of Sabah was estimated based on the JODC data obtained. There were no remarkable differences in temperatures between the five sites, which were reported as approximately 27 °C at the surface and 7 °C at depths below 600 m. The surface salinities below 100 m at those sites were slightly lower than the deeper waters, where the salinity increased up to approximately 34.5 PSU. Dissolved oxygen data from the Pulau Kalumpang site showed a slight increment to approximately 4.7 mL/L at depth intervals below 50 m, before declining steadily to approximately 1.7 mL/L along with the depth. The temperature-salinity profiles of the Malaysian sites were congruent with those of Palau, Kumejima and Okinawa, but not with that of Fiji, where the salinity profile showed a distinct variation at the relative depth (below 200 m). Estimates of RE using two different methods were used to prove the potential of OTEC in Malaysia.

Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) as Base Load Renewable Power

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence J. Shapiro
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion ◽  
Thermal Energy Conversion ◽  
Ocean Thermal Energy ◽  
Base Load

Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) is a form of renewable solar energy that has the capability to provide 24 hour base load, dispatchable power to electrical systems. This is a major advantage over solar PV and wind, which are intermittent and can have significant adverse effects on grid stability once penetration exceeds 10% of grid capacity. This paper describes OTEC technology, suitable areas for implementation, current levels of technology development, regulatory barriers, problems posed by intermittent power generation as well as how it is differentiated from intermittent renewable technologies and can enhance grid stability. The discussion of the OTEC technology will include the underlying thermodynamics, critical heat transfer requirements and efficiency issues associated with low temperature Rankine Cycle applications. The discussion of suitable areas for implementation will include required ocean temperatures, ocean topography, current fuel dependence and regulatory issues to be addressed. The discussion of problems posed by intermittent power generation on networks will include transient response of grids to sudden changes in production as well as ramp rate requirements as solar PV comes on and off line on a daily cycle. OTEC, as a base load generation source, will be discussed in terms of market factors and reserve requirements.

Experiments on Oxygen Desorption From Surface Warm Seawater Under Open-Cycle Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion

1992 ◽  
Vol 114 (4) ◽  
pp. 246-253
Author(s):  
Ahmad A. Pesaran
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Oxygen Desorption ◽  
Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion ◽  
Thermal Energy Conversion ◽  
Open Cycle ◽  
Ocean Thermal Energy ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Supply Water

This paper presents the results of scoping deaeration experiments conducted with warm surface seawater under open-cycle ocean thermal energy conversion (OC-OTEC) conditions. Concentrations of dissolved oxygen in seawater at three locations (in the supply water, water leaving the predeaerator, and discharge water from an evaporator) were measured and used to estimate oxygen desorption levels. The results suggest that 7 percent to 60 percent of the dissolved oxygen in the supply water was desorbed from seawater in the predeaerator for pressures ranging from 35 to 9 kPa. Bubble injection in the upcomer increased the oxygen desorption rate by 20 percent to 60 percent. The data also indicated that at typical OC-OTEC evaporator pressures, when flash evaporation in the evaporator occurred, 75 percent to 95 percent of the dissolved oxygen was desorbed overall from the warm seawater. The results were used to find the impact of a single-stage predeaeration scheme on the power to remove noncondensable gases in an OC-OTEC plant.

scholarly journals Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion—Flexible Enabling Technology for Variable Renewable Energy Integration in the Caribbean

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2192
Author(s):  
Robert J. Brecha ◽  
Katherine Schoenenberger ◽  
Masaō Ashtine ◽  
Randy Koon Koon
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Small Island ◽  
Gis Mapping ◽  
Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion ◽  
Thermal Energy Conversion ◽  
Hourly Data ◽  
Ocean Thermal Energy

Many Caribbean island nations have historically been heavily dependent on imported fossil fuels for both power and transportation, while at the same time being at an enhanced risk from the impacts of climate change, although their emissions represent a very tiny fraction of the global total responsible for climate change. Small island developing states (SIDSs) are among the leaders in advocating for the ambitious 1.5 °C Paris Agreement target and the transition to 100% sustainable, renewable energy systems. In this work, three central results are presented. First, through GIS mapping of all Caribbean islands, the potential for near-coastal deep-water as a resource for ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) is shown, and these results are coupled with an estimate of the countries for which OTEC would be most advantageous due to a lack of other dispatchable renewable power options. Secondly, hourly data have been utilized to explicitly show the trade-offs between battery storage needs and dispatchable renewable sources such as OTEC in 100% renewable electricity systems, both in technological and economic terms. Finally, the utility of near-shore, open-cycle OTEC with accompanying desalination is shown to enable a higher penetration of renewable energy and lead to lower system levelized costs than those of a conventional fossil fuel system.

scholarly journals Plant siting and economic potential of ocean thermal energy conversion in Indonesia a novel GIS-based methodology

Energy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 224 ◽  
pp. 120121
Author(s):  
Jannis Langer ◽  
Aida Astuti Cahyaningwidi ◽  
Charis Chalkiadakis ◽  
Jaco Quist ◽  
Olivier Hoes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion ◽  
Thermal Energy Conversion ◽  
Ocean Thermal Energy
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