scholarly journals Viral Bone Infection: A Neglected Disease?

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 797
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Drago ◽  
Carlo L. Romanò ◽  
Ilaria Morelli ◽  
Thami Benzakour
Keyword(s):  
Bone Diseases ◽  
Bone Infection ◽  
Viral Dna ◽  
Neglected Disease ◽  
Joint Infections ◽  
Bone And Joint Infections ◽  
Detection And Identification ◽  
Bone Structures

Bone structures reveal viral DNA/RNA, but little is known of the interaction and pathogenesis of viruses and bone diseases. Their detection and identification is often overlooked and not considered by many clinicians and researchers. In this Editorial, we suggest the role of viruses in some inflammatory bone conditions and their possible role as aetiological agents in bone and joint infections.

The role of Kingella kingae in pre-school aged children with bone and joint infections

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laudi Olijve ◽  
Lahiru Amarasena ◽  
Emma Best ◽  
Christopher Blyth ◽  
Mirjam van den Boom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kingella Kingae ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Joint Infections ◽  
Bone And Joint Infections

scholarly journals Bone and Joint Infections: The Role of Imaging in Tailoring Diagnosis to Improve Patients’ Care

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1317
Author(s):  
Andrea Sambri ◽  
Paolo Spinnato ◽  
Sara Tedeschi ◽  
Eleonora Zamparini ◽  
Michele Fiore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interventional Radiology ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Diagnostic Strategy ◽  
Imaging Diagnosis ◽  
Infectious Process ◽  
Radiological Features ◽  
Joint Infections ◽  
Bone And Joint Infections ◽  
Extent Of Disease

Imaging is needed for the diagnosis of bone and joint infections, determining the severity and extent of disease, planning biopsy, and monitoring the response to treatment. Some radiological features are pathognomonic of bone and joint infections for each modality used. However, imaging diagnosis of these infections is challenging because of several overlaps with non-infectious etiologies. Interventional radiology is generally needed to verify the diagnosis and to identify the microorganism involved in the infectious process through imaging-guided biopsy. This narrative review aims to summarize the radiological features of the commonest orthopedic infections, the indications and the limits of different modalities in the diagnostic strategy as well as to outline recent findings that may facilitate diagnosis.

Robust fault-tolerant flight control of quadrotor against faults in multiple motors

2021 ◽  
pp. 095441002199954
Author(s):  
Dinesh D Dhadekar ◽  
S E Talole
Keyword(s):  
Flight Control ◽  
Tracking Control ◽  
Fault Tolerant ◽  
External Disturbances ◽  
Detection And Identification ◽  
Attitude Tracking ◽  
Fault Detection And Identification ◽  
Attitude Tracking Control ◽  
Disturbance Estimator

In this article, position and attitude tracking control of the quadrotor subject to complex nonlinearities, input couplings, aerodynamic uncertainties, and external disturbances coupled with faults in multiple motors is investigated. A robustified nonlinear dynamic inversion (NDI)-based fault-tolerant control (FTC) scheme is proposed for the purpose. The proposed scheme is not only robust against aforementioned nonlinearities, disturbances, and uncertainties but also tolerant to unexpected occurrence of faults in multiple motors. The proposed scheme employs uncertainty and disturbance estimator (UDE) technique to robustify the NDI-based controller by providing estimate of the lumped disturbance, thereby enabling rejection of the same. In addition, the UDE also plays the role of fault detection and identification module. The effectiveness and benefits of the proposed design are confirmed through 6-DOF simulations and experimentation on a 3-DOF Hover platform.

scholarly journals The Role of BMP Signaling in Osteoclast Regulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Brian Heubel ◽  
Anja Nohe
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins ◽  
Bone Diseases ◽  
Bmp Signaling ◽  
Bone Homeostasis ◽  
Direct Stimulation ◽  
Federal Drug Administration ◽  
Bmp Pathway ◽  
Stimulation Of

The osteogenic effects of Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) were delineated in 1965 when Urist et al. showed that BMPs could induce ectopic bone formation. In subsequent decades, the effects of BMPs on bone formation and maintenance were established. BMPs induce proliferation in osteoprogenitor cells and increase mineralization activity in osteoblasts. The role of BMPs in bone homeostasis and repair led to the approval of BMP2 by the Federal Drug Administration (FDA) for anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) to increase the bone formation in the treated area. However, the use of BMP2 for treatment of degenerative bone diseases such as osteoporosis is still uncertain as patients treated with BMP2 results in the stimulation of not only osteoblast mineralization, but also osteoclast absorption, leading to early bone graft subsidence. The increase in absorption activity is the result of direct stimulation of osteoclasts by BMP2 working synergistically with the RANK signaling pathway. The dual effect of BMPs on bone resorption and mineralization highlights the essential role of BMP-signaling in bone homeostasis, making it a putative therapeutic target for diseases like osteoporosis. Before the BMP pathway can be utilized in the treatment of osteoporosis a better understanding of how BMP-signaling regulates osteoclasts must be established.

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