Sulfates from the Pyrite Ore Deposits of the Apuan Alps (Tuscany, Italy): A Review

The occurrence of sulfate minerals associated with the pyrite ores of the southern Apuan Alps has been known since the 19th century but modern mineralogical studies started only in the last decade. Sulfate assemblages were identified in all the pyrite ore deposits from the studied area but the more impressive associations were discovered in the Fornovolasco and Monte Arsiccio mines. Their study allowed to improve the knowledge of the sulfate crystal-chemistry and to achieve a better understanding of the acid mine drainage (AMD) systems associated with pyrite oxidation. More than 20 different mineral species were identified and, among them, four sulfates (volaschioite, giacovazzoite, magnanelliite, and scordariite) have their type localities in the pyrite ore deposits of the Apuan Alps. A review of the mineralogical results of a ten-year-long study is given here.