An Indoor Positioning Approach Based on Fusion of Cameras and Infrared Sensors

A method for infrared and cameras sensor fusion, applied to indoor positioning in intelligent spaces, is proposed in this work. The fused position is obtained with a maximum likelihood estimator from infrared and camera independent observations. Specific models are proposed for variance propagation from infrared and camera observations (phase shifts and image respectively) to their respective position estimates and to the final fused estimation. Model simulations are compared with real measurements in a setup designed to validate the system. The difference between theoretical prediction and real measurements is between 0.4 cm (fusion) and 2.5 cm (camera), within a 95% confidence margin. The positioning precision is in the cm level (sub-cm level can be achieved at most tested positions) in a 4 × 3 m locating cell with 5 infrared detectors on the ceiling and one single camera, at distances from target up to 5 m and 7 m respectively. Due to the low cost system design and the results observed, the system is expected to be feasible and scalable to large real spaces.

Download Full-text

An Indoor Positioning Approach Based on Fusion of Cameras and Infrared Sensors

10.20944/preprints201905.0343.v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Ernesto Martín-Gorostiza ◽

Miguel Ángel García-Garrido ◽

Daniel Pizarro ◽

David Salido Monzú ◽

Patricia Torres

Keyword(s):

Infrared Detectors ◽

Low Cost ◽

Indoor Positioning ◽

Single Camera ◽

Estimation Model ◽

Infrared Sensors ◽

Likelihood Estimator ◽

Cost System ◽

Independent Observations ◽

The Difference

A method for infrared and cameras sensor fusion, applied to indoor positioning in intelligent spaces, is proposed in this work. The fused position is obtained with a maximum likelihood estimator from infrared and camera independent observations. Specific models are proposed for variance propagation from infrared and camera observations (phase shifts and image respectively) to their respective position estimates and to the final fused estimation. Model simulations are compared with real measurements in a setup designed to validate the system. The difference between theoretical prediction and real measurements  is between 0.4 cm (fusion) and  2.5 cm (camera), within a 95% confidence margin. The positioning precision is in the cm level (sub-cm level can be achieved at most tested positions) in a 4x3 m locating cell with 5 infrared detectors on the ceiling and one single camera, at distances from target up to 5 m and 7 m respectively. Due to the low cost system design and the results observed, the system is expected to be feasible and scalable to large real spaces.

Download Full-text

Low-Cost System Handles Patient Phone Calls

Internal Medicine News ◽

10.1016/s1097-8690(07)70680-7 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 40 (11) ◽

pp. 53

Author(s):

BRUCE K. DIXON

Keyword(s):

Low Cost ◽

Cost System ◽

Phone Calls

Download Full-text

Intelligent, low-cost system for fume control during laser material processing

International Laser Safety Conference ◽

10.2351/1.5056599 ◽

2005 ◽

Author(s):

Ramin Sattari ◽

Stephan Barcikowski ◽

Thomas Püster ◽

Andreas Ostendorf ◽

Heinz Haferkamp

Keyword(s):

Material Processing ◽

Low Cost ◽

Laser Material Processing ◽

Laser Material ◽

Cost System

Download Full-text

Inertial Sensor-Based Step Length Estimation Model by Means of Principal Component Analysis

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21103527 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (10) ◽

pp. 3527

Author(s):

Melanija Vezočnik ◽

Roman Kamnik ◽

Matjaz B. Juric

Keyword(s):

Principal Component Analysis ◽

Human Body ◽

Inertial Sensor ◽

Principal Component ◽

Step Length ◽

Component Analysis ◽

Indoor Positioning ◽

Estimation Model ◽

Length Estimation ◽

Proposed Model

Inertial sensor-based step length estimation has become increasingly important with the emergence of pedestrian-dead-reckoning-based (PDR-based) indoor positioning. So far, many refined step length estimation models have been proposed to overcome the inaccuracy in estimating distance walked. Both the kinematics associated with the human body during walking and actual step lengths are rarely used in their derivation. Our paper presents a new step length estimation model that utilizes acceleration magnitude. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to employ principal component analysis (PCA) to characterize the experimental data for the derivation of the model. These data were collected from anatomical landmarks on the human body during walking using a highly accurate optical measurement system. We evaluated the performance of the proposed model for four typical smartphone positions for long-term human walking and obtained promising results: the proposed model outperformed all acceleration-based models selected for the comparison producing an overall mean absolute stride length estimation error of 6.44 cm. The proposed model was also least affected by walking speed and smartphone position among acceleration-based models and is unaffected by smartphone orientation. Therefore, the proposed model can be used in the PDR-based indoor positioning with an important advantage that no special care regarding orientation is needed in attaching the smartphone to a particular body segment. All the sensory data acquired by smartphones that we utilized for evaluation are publicly available and include more than 10 h of walking measurements.

Download Full-text

A Low-cost System for High-frequency Solar Imagery and Power Data Acquisition

Journal of Physics Conference Series ◽

10.1088/1742-6596/1826/1/012082 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1826 (1) ◽

pp. 012082

Author(s):

G F Bassous ◽

R F Calili ◽

C R H Barbosa

Keyword(s):

Data Acquisition ◽

High Frequency ◽

Low Cost ◽

Cost System

Download Full-text

Development of a Low Cost System for Lifting Related Injury Analysis

2021 13th International Conference on Computer and Automation Engineering (ICCAE) ◽

10.1109/iccae51876.2021.9426132 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mahmudul Hasan ◽

Miftahur Rahman

Keyword(s):

Low Cost ◽

Cost System ◽

Injury Analysis

Download Full-text

Low-cost system in the analysis of the recovery of mobility through inertial navigation techniques and virtual reality

Healthcare Paradigms in the Internet of Things Ecosystem ◽

10.1016/b978-0-12-819664-9.00012-0 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 271-292

Author(s):

Wilver Auccahuasi ◽

Mónica Diaz ◽

Fernando Sernaque ◽

Edward Flores ◽

Justiniano Aybar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Virtual Reality ◽

Low Cost ◽

Inertial Navigation ◽

Cost System

Download Full-text

Low-cost system for radiometric calibration of UAV-based multispectral imagery

Journal of Spatial Science ◽

10.1080/14498596.2020.1860146 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-15

Author(s):

Jorge Tadeu Fim Rosas ◽

Francisco de Assis de Carvalho Pinto ◽

Daniel Marçal de Queiroz ◽

Flora Maria de Melo Villar ◽

Rodrigo Nogueira Martins ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Low Cost ◽

Multispectral Imagery ◽

Radiometric Calibration ◽

Cost System

Download Full-text

Molecularly imprinted electrospun fiber membrane for colorimetric detection of hexanoic acid

e-Polymers ◽

10.1515/epoly-2021-0049 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 500-510

Author(s):

Xiaoguang Ying ◽

Jieyuan He ◽

Xiao Li

Keyword(s):

Low Cost ◽

Electrospun Fiber ◽

Colorimetric Detection ◽

Hexanoic Acid ◽

Bromocresol Purple ◽

Fiber Membrane ◽

Color Changes ◽

Before And After ◽

The Difference ◽

Imagej Software

Abstract An imprinted electrospun fiber membrane was developed for the detection of volatile organic acids, which are key components of human body odor. In this study, hexanoic acid (HA) was selected as the target, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) was used as the substrate, and colorimetric detection of HA was achieved by a bromocresol purple (BCP) chromogenic agent. The results showed that the morphology of the fiber membrane was uniform and continuous, and it showed excellent selectivity and specificity to HA. Photographs of the color changes before and after fiber membrane adsorption were recorded by a camera and quantified by ImageJ software by the difference in gray value (ΔGray). This method is simple, intuitive, and low cost and has great potential for application in human odor analysis.

Download Full-text