scholarly journals Measuring Sensors Calibration in Worm Gear Rolling Testers

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 3148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Pueo ◽  
Raquel Acero ◽  
Ángel Gracia ◽  
Jorge Santolaria
Keyword(s):  
Coordinate Measuring Machine ◽  
Uncertainty Budget ◽  
Worm Gear ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Fundamental Factor ◽  
Process Uncertainty ◽  
Measuring Machine ◽  
Calibration And Verification ◽  
Calibration Techniques ◽  
Gear Rolling

The ISO standard regulating gear-rolling measurement does not specify in detail the calibration and verification procedures for this type of equipment. This may be one of the reasons for the lack of reproducibility in these rolling tests. The uncertainty budget method, which is the most appropriate way to know the accuracy of this dynamic measurement, shows that the measuring sensors’ accuracy is only a part of the total measurement process uncertainty. In this work, a new calibration and verification procedure for a worm gear rolling tester is presented, based on machine tool, coordinate measuring machine and gear measuring instruments’ calibration techniques. After compensating numerically for the measuring instruments, it has been evaluated how the error components of each movement affect the meshing point, a fundamental factor to ensure a good gear transmission. The study shows that there are unintentional position variations, not detected by the measuring sensors, that have to be identified and quantified in the calibration for their later inclusion in the uncertainty budget. In this way, the measurement uncertainty could be reduced, and thus improve the reproducibility of these testers, as a preliminary stage to the development of optimized rolling measurement equipment to solve current limitations.

scholarly journals Localization Of A Mobile Fastening Robot

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vannesa A. Soria Olmedo
Keyword(s):  
Kalman Filter ◽  
Complete System ◽  
Coordinate Measuring Machine ◽  
Ultrasonic Sensors ◽  
Localization System ◽  
Circular Hough Transform ◽  
Corrected Image ◽  
Measuring Machine ◽  
Calibration Techniques ◽  
Calibration Parameters

<div>The goal of this research is to develop a localization system for a mobile fastening robot using a camera and ultrasonic sensors. Localization is performed by using triangulation methods on three target fastener heads. Camera calibration parameters are determined and used to obtain a corrected image on which a Circular Hough Transform algorithm is used to determine the location of the three target fastener heads relative to the camera. The distance to the fastener heads is determined using readings from two ultrasonic sensors. A Kalman Filter is developed and used to reduce the noise of the ultrasonic sensor readings. In addition to filtering, calibration techniques are used to correct the readings of the final localization system. Testing of the complete system is done using a coordinate measuring machine. </div>

Development of a Novel Artifact as a Reference for Gear Pitch Measuring Instruments

2009 ◽  
Vol 131 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yohan Kondo ◽  
Kazuyuki Sasajima ◽  
Sonko Osawa ◽  
Osamu Sato ◽  
Masaharu Komori
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Uncertainty ◽  
Coordinate Measuring Machine ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Pitch Accuracy ◽  
Gear Teeth ◽  
Reference Axis ◽  
Small Uncertainty ◽  
Orientation Technique ◽  
Measuring Machine ◽  
Pitch Deviation

The pitch accuracy of a gear is graded on the order of 0.1 μm in ISO 1328-1; therefore, it is necessary for gear measuring instruments (GMIs) to be able to measure gears with the required high accuracy. GMIs are evaluated by measuring a calibrated gear or a gearlike artifact. It is, however, difficult to obtain a measurement uncertainty of less than 0.1 μm. The reason for this difficulty is that a gear artifact has a form error and surface roughness, and that the measurement position on the gear face differs slightly from the calibrated position. In view of this situation, we propose a novel multiball artifact (MBA), which is composed of equally spaced pitch balls, a centering ball, and a datum plane. The pitch balls are assumed to act as gear teeth by calibrating the angular pitch between the centers of each pitch ball. The centering ball and the datum plane are used to set a reference axis of the virtual gear. We manufactured an MBA with the pitch balls arranged on a curvic coupling. The angular pitch deviation between the centers of each pitch ball was calibrated using a coordinate measuring machine (CMM) and adopting the multiple-orientation technique. A master gear was also calibrated for comparison. The measurement uncertainty for the cumulative angular pitch deviation was 0.45 arc sec for the MBA and 1.58 arc sec for the master gear. The MBA could be calibrated with small uncertainty compared with the master gear. After the calibration, a virtual gear of the MBA was built using the calibration value. The virtual gear was measured using the gear-measuring software on the CMM. The measurement value was equal within the range of uncertainty of calibration value. It is verified that the superiority of the MBA to the gear artifact is due to the following reasons: (1) The balls can be manufactured with an accuracy of several tens of nanometers. (2) The calibrated result for the MBA is almost independent of a probe-positioning error because the centers of each pitch ball can be measured at multiple points. (3) In setting the reference axis, the gear artifact generally uses a datum cylinder, in contrast, the MBA uses more accurate ball.

scholarly journals Localization Of A Mobile Fastening Robot

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vannesa A. Soria Olmedo
Keyword(s):  
Kalman Filter ◽  
Complete System ◽  
Coordinate Measuring Machine ◽  
Ultrasonic Sensors ◽  
Localization System ◽  
Circular Hough Transform ◽  
Corrected Image ◽  
Measuring Machine ◽  
Calibration Techniques ◽  
Calibration Parameters

<div>The goal of this research is to develop a localization system for a mobile fastening robot using a camera and ultrasonic sensors. Localization is performed by using triangulation methods on three target fastener heads. Camera calibration parameters are determined and used to obtain a corrected image on which a Circular Hough Transform algorithm is used to determine the location of the three target fastener heads relative to the camera. The distance to the fastener heads is determined using readings from two ultrasonic sensors. A Kalman Filter is developed and used to reduce the noise of the ultrasonic sensor readings. In addition to filtering, calibration techniques are used to correct the readings of the final localization system. Testing of the complete system is done using a coordinate measuring machine. </div>

scholarly journals LOCALIZATION OF A MOBILE FASTENING ROBOT

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vannesa A. Soria Olmedo
Keyword(s):  
Kalman Filter ◽  
Complete System ◽  
Coordinate Measuring Machine ◽  
Ultrasonic Sensors ◽  
Localization System ◽  
Circular Hough Transform ◽  
Corrected Image ◽  
Measuring Machine ◽  
Calibration Techniques ◽  
Calibration Parameters

<div>The goal of this research is to develop a localization system for a mobile fastening robot using a camera and ultrasonic sensors. Localization is performed by using triangulation methods on three target fastener heads. Camera calibration parameters are determined and used to obtain a corrected image on which a Circular Hough Transform algorithm is used to determine the location of the three target fastener heads relative to the camera. The distance to the fastener heads is determined using readings from two ultrasonic sensors. A Kalman Filter is developed and used to reduce the noise of the ultrasonic sensor readings. In addition to filtering, calibration techniques are used to correct the readings of the final localization system. Testing of the complete system is done using a coordinate measuring machine. </div>

Evaluation of CMM Accuracy by Using Capability Indexes

2013 ◽  
Vol 281 ◽  
pp. 282-286
Author(s):  
Adel Elhadi M. Yahya ◽  
Martin Halaj
Keyword(s):  
Control Charts ◽  
Design Principle ◽  
Coordinate Measuring Machine ◽  
Good Method ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Tolerance Limits ◽  
Measuring Machine ◽  
Intended Use

Capability indexes of several types belong to the most common tools used for evaluation of the measuring instruments performance over a certain period of time. The indices differ by calculation method, properties as well as by intended use. But their design principle is approximately the same. The ratio of prescribed (required) accuracy and really achieved process accuracy is always observed. However, this evaluation represents only a part of the overall measurements management system. The suitability of capability indexes for the evaluation of CMMs accuracy over a time. After analyzing the results we had found machine capability indexes good method for evaluation of Coordinate Measuring Machines (CMM) accuracy over a certain time interval. CMM are high accuracy and capable to perform the measurement of lengths, machine capability indexes helps to determine the ability for coordinate measuring machine between tolerance limits and engineering specifications, but the use of x-control charts to get and keep processes under control.

scholarly journals Evaluation of dimensional accuracy of dental bridges manufactured with conventional casting technique and CAD/CAM system with Ceramill Sintron blocks using CMM

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 264-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Izadi ◽  
Fariborz Vafaee ◽  
Arash Shishehian ◽  
Ghodratollah Roshanaei ◽  
Behzad Fathi Afkari
Keyword(s):  
Reference Model ◽  
Coordinate Measuring Machine ◽  
Dimensional Accuracy ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Casting Technique ◽  
Dimensional Changes ◽  
Conventional Casting ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Milling Method ◽  
Measuring Machine

Background. Recently, non-presintered chromium-cobalt (Cr-Co) blocks with the commercial name of Ceramill Sintron were introduced to the market. However, comprehensive studies on the dimensional accuracy and fit of multi-unit frameworks made of these blocks using the coordinate measuring machine (CMM) are lacking. This study aimed to assess and compare the dimensional changes and fit of conventional casting and milled frameworks using Ceramill Sintron. Methods. A metal model was designed and scanned and 5-unit frameworks were fabricated using two techniques: (I) the conventional casting method (n=20): the wax model was designed, milled in the CAD/CAM machine, flasked and invested; (II) the milling method using Ceramill Sintron blocks (n=20): the wax patterns of group 1 were used; Ceramill Sintron blocks were milled and sintered. Measurements were made on the original reference model and the fabricated frameworks using the CMM in all the three spatial dimensions, and dimensional changes were recorded in a checklist. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, and the two groups were compared using one-way ANOVA and Tukey test (α=0.05). Results. The fabricated frameworks in both groups showed significant dimensional changes in all the three dimensions. Comparison of dimensional changes between the two groups revealed no significant differences (P>0.05) except for transverse changes (arch) that were significantly greater in Ceramill Sintron frameworks (P<0.05). Conclusion. The two manufacturing processes were the same regarding dimensional changes and the magnitude of marginal gaps and both processes resulted in significant dimensional changes in frameworks. Ceramill Sintron frameworks showed significantly greater transverse changes than the conventional frameworks.

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