How are Various Surrogate Indicators Consistent with Mechanical Reliability of Water Distribution Systems: From a Perspective of Many-Objective Optimization

Exploring the trade-off between cost and system reliability of water distribution systems (WDSs) has been focused for two decades. Due to the intensive computation associated with the reliability analysis, it is popular in the research community to replace this procedure by using surrogate indicators. However, the discussion on the correlation among different types of such indicators is generally lacking, which implies that a deeper understanding of this aspect is needed. This paper proposes a novel methodology of investigating the relationships among many commonly used surrogate indicators for measuring the mechanical reliability of WDSs. In particular, the optimal design of WDSs is formulated as a many-objective optimization problem, using cost and each surrogate indicator as an individual goal. Two benchmark design problems of different scales and complexities are considered for verifying the proposed method. The well-known multi-objective evolutionary algorithm (MOEA), namely Borg that is suitable for coping with problems involving many objectives, is used to obtain the best approximation to the Pareto-optimal fronts for both cases. Afterward, the one-pipe burst testing is conducted to quantify the correlation between mechanical reliability and surrogate indicators. Results suggest that investigating the correlation of surrogate indicators from the perspective of many-objective optimization provides a direct and efficient way of distinguishing better indicators from worse ones. Resilience-based surrogate indicators and the Redundancy indicator that only depends on nodal pressures are highly related to the mechanical reliability of WDSs. In contrast, entropy-based indicators exhibit poor performance in reflecting the mechanical reliability. These insights contribute to the selection of more appropriate surrogate indicators for the optimal design of WDSs for researchers and practitioners.

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Optimal Design of Water Distribution Systems Using an NLP Method

Journal of Environmental Engineering ◽

10.1061/(asce)0733-9372(1997)123:4(381) ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 123 (4) ◽

pp. 381-388 ◽

Cited By ~ 51

Author(s):

K. Vasant Kumar Varma ◽

Shankar Narasimhan ◽

S. Murty Bhallamudi

Keyword(s):

Optimal Design ◽

Distribution Systems ◽

Water Distribution ◽

Water Distribution Systems

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Optimal Design of Pressure Surge Control Devices in Water Distribution Systems

Water Distribution Systems Analysis Symposium 2006 ◽

10.1061/40941(247)61 ◽

2008 ◽

Author(s):

Yuri Mayorchik ◽

Avi Ostfeld

Keyword(s):

Optimal Design ◽

Distribution Systems ◽

Water Distribution ◽

Water Distribution Systems ◽

Surge Control ◽

Pressure Surge ◽

Control Devices

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Evolutionary Computation for Single and Multiobjective Water Distribution Systems Optimal Design

Handbook of Research on Hydroinformatics ◽

10.4018/978-1-61520-907-1.ch016 ◽

2010 ◽

pp. 332-345

Author(s):

Avi Ostfeld

Keyword(s):

Genetic Algorithm ◽

Optimal Design ◽

Distribution Systems ◽

Water Distribution ◽

Water Distribution Systems ◽

Future Research ◽

Research Directions ◽

Fixed Set ◽

Gradient Type ◽

Future Research Directions

Water distribution systems least cost pipe sizing/design is probably the most explored problem in water distribution systems optimization. Attracted numerous studies over the last four decades, two main approaches were employed: decomposition in which an “inner” linear programming problem is solved for a fixed set of flows/heads, while the flows/heads are altered at an “outer” problem using a gradient or a sub-gradient type technique; and the utilization of an evolutionary optimization algorithm (e.g., a genetic algorithm). In reality, however, from a broader perspective the design problem is inherently of a multiobjective nature incorporating competing objectives such as minimizing cost versus maximizing reliability. This chapter reviews some of the literature on single and multiobjective optimal design of water distribution systems and suggests a few future research directions in this area.

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Coping with future change: Optimal design of flexible water distribution systems

Sustainable Cities and Society ◽

10.1016/j.scs.2020.102306 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 61 ◽

pp. 102306

Author(s):

Seneshaw Tsegaye ◽

Kristopher C. Gallagher ◽

Thomas M. Missimer

Keyword(s):

Optimal Design ◽

Distribution Systems ◽

Water Distribution ◽

Water Distribution Systems ◽

Future Change

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Development of Multi-Objective Optimal Redundant Design Approach for Multiple Pipe Failure in Water Distribution System

Water ◽

10.3390/w11030553 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 553 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Young Choi ◽

Joong Kim

Keyword(s):

Optimal Design ◽

Distribution System ◽

Distribution Systems ◽

Water Distribution ◽

Search Algorithm ◽

Harmony Search ◽

Water Distribution Systems ◽

Design Approach ◽

Pipe Failure ◽

Multi Objective

This study proposes a multi-objective optimal design approach for water distribution systems, considering mechanical system redundancy under multiple pipe failure. Mechanical redundancy is applied to the system’s hydraulic ability, based on the pressure deficit between the pressure requirements under abnormal conditions. The developed design approach shows the relationships between multiple pipe failure states and system redundancy, for different numbers of pipe-failure conditions (e.g., first, second, third, …, tenth). Furthermore, to consider extreme demand modeling, the threshold of the demand quantity is investigated simultaneously with multiple pipe failure modeling. The design performance is evaluated using the mechanical redundancy deficit under extreme demand conditions. To verify the proposed design approach, an expanded version of the well-known benchmark network is used, configured as an ideal grid-shape, and the multi-objective harmony search algorithm is used as the optimal design approach, considering construction cost and system mechanical redundancy. This optimal design technique could be used to propose a standard for pipe failure, based on factors such as the number of broken pipes, during failure condition analysis for redundancy-based designs of water distribution systems.

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Self-Adaptive Penalty Cost for Optimal Design of Water Distribution Systems

Critical Transitions in Water and Environmental Resources Management ◽

10.1061/40737(2004)443 ◽

2004 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Z. Y. Wu ◽

T. Walski

Keyword(s):

Optimal Design ◽

Distribution Systems ◽

Water Distribution ◽

Water Distribution Systems ◽

Penalty Cost ◽

Adaptive Penalty ◽

Self Adaptive

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Optimal meter placement for pipe burst detection in water distribution systems

Journal of Hydroinformatics ◽

10.2166/hydro.2016.170 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 741-756 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Medhanie Hagos ◽

Donghwi Jung ◽

Kevin E. Lansey

Keyword(s):

Pipe Flow ◽

Distribution Systems ◽

Water Distribution ◽

Water Distribution Systems ◽

Roc Curves ◽

Burst Detection ◽

Flow Meters ◽

Meter Placement ◽

Pipe Burst ◽

Optimal Meter Placement

Pipe bursts in water distribution systems (WDS) must be rapidly detected to minimize the loss of system functionality and recovery time. Pipe burst is the most common failure in WDS. It results in water loss out of the system, increased head losses, and low pressure at the customers' taps. Therefore, effective and efficient detection of pipe bursts can improve system resilience. To this end, this study proposes an optimal meter placement model to identify meter locations that maximize detection effectiveness for a given number of meters and type of meter. The linear programming model is demonstrated on a modified Austin EPANET hydraulic network. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for alternative pressure and flow meters are applied to investigate the relationship between the level of available information and pipe burst detection effectiveness. The optimal sensor locations were distinctly different depending on the type of meter and the objective to be considered. The ROC curves for alternative pressure and pipe flow meters showed that pipe flow meters are vulnerable to false alarms, and that using many pipe flow meters could detect all pipe bursts. Pressure meters could detect up to 82% of the burst events.

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