scholarly journals Extracción secuencial de plomo y vanadio en sedimentos del río Catatumbo utilizando FAAS, ETAAS e ICP-AES

Author(s):  
Julio Cesar Torres Puentes ◽  
Marinela Colina ◽  
Yulixis Nohemi Cano de Torres

Se presenta la evaluación del procedimiento de extracción secuencial aprobado por la BCR (BCR, por sus siglas en inglés, Community Bureau of Reference) para determinar metales en muestras de sedimentos del río Catatumbo, Venezuela. Las fracciones consistieron en 4 etapas: en la primera, llamada intercambiable, se extrajo utilizando ácido acético; la segunda, o reducible, con hidroxicloruro de amonio; la tercera, u oxidable, con peróxido de hidrógeno y acetato de amonio y la residual, que es la etapa remanente, se digirió con agua regia. El análisis se realizó por espectrometría de absorción atómica con llama (FAAS), horno de grafito (ETAAS) y espectrometría de emisión atómica con plasma inductivamente acoplado (ICP-AES). Los metales determinados fueron Pb y V. Las determinaciones por FAAS, ETAAS e ICP-AES indicaron que no hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p < 0,05) cuando se compararon los resultados de 24 muestras de sedimentos del río Catatumbo realizadas por triplicado. La exactitud encontrada sumando las cuatro etapas de la BCR para Pb y V fueron comparables a los resultados obtenidos por digestión ácida, lo cual indica que el procedimiento es adecuado para la cuantificación de los metales estudiados. El Pb y V se encontró mayormente (55-97 %) en la etapa residual lo que los hace no disponibles. Palabras clave: digestión ácida, extracción BCR, sedimento, plomo, vanadio  Abstract: The aim of the present work is the evaluation of the procedure of sequential extraction approved by the BCR and used to determine metals in samples of sediments from Catatumbo River in Venezuela. The fractions consisted in four (4) stages: the first one or interchangeable was extracted using acetic acid, the second one or reducible with ammonia hydroxi-chloride, the third one or oxidable with hydrogen peroxide and ammonium acetate and the residual which is the remnant stage was digested with aqua regia. The analysis was made by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS), Electrothermal Atomisation Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (ETA-AAS) and Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES). The metals evaluated were Pb and V. The evaluations for FAAS, ETA-AS and ICP-AES indicated that there were not statistically significant differences (p <0.05) when the results of 24 samples of sediments from the Catatumbo River carried out in triplicate were compared. The exact result found by adding the four stages of the BCR for Pb and V were comparable to the results obtained by acid digestion. The Pb and V were found mainly (55-97 %) in the residual stage which makes them not available and these results are comparable to other studies published. Key words: Acid Digestion, Extraction of BCR, sediment, Pb, V 

Author(s):  
Cristian Giertyas ◽  
Victor Silva ◽  
Maria de Oliveira ◽  
Emerson Freire ◽  
Josué Santos ◽  
...  

Two different gold-silica-based nanomaterials were prepared: (i) silica-supported gold nanoparticles (AuNP/SiO2); and (ii) gold-silica core-shell nanoparticles (AuNP@SiO2). Three strategies for sample treatment (S), consisting in acid treatments, were employed: (S1) HNO3; (S2) HNO3 + HCl; and (S3) HF + HNO3 + HCl, applying microwave oven digestion for S2 and S3. From three calibration curves, slope, intercept, and linear correlation coefficient were obtained. The accuracy of the methods was evaluated by comparing the gold contents in a sample determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) and by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Finally, the amount of gold for all samples was determined by FAAS. UV-Vis spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to compare the material before and after sample treatment. By comparison, the application of S2 and S3 allowed the presence of gold on or in the silica matrix to be determined and the amount quantified.


1992 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 667-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shen Miaokang ◽  
Shi Yinyu

Abstract A method had been developed for the determination of lanthanum, europium, and ytterbium in food samples by using electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry with a graphite furnace lined with tungsten foil. The proposed method provides higher sensitivity than inductively coupled plasma/atomic emission spectrometry (ICP/AES); the characteristic masses are 8.1 x 10-9 g for lanthanum, 3.9 x 10-11 g for europium, and 4.27 x 10,-12 g for ytterbium. The precision, accuracy, and interferences of the method were also investigated. The method can be used for the analysis of trace amounts of lanthanum, europium, and ytterbium in various foods without predissociation of the matrixes of the digested solutions. The results obtained by the method are in good agreement with those from ICP/AES.


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