Measuring contamination levels in external induced atmosphere of Russian orbital stations and the Russian Segment of the International Space Station

2021 ◽  
pp. 98-106
Author(s):  
Vladimir DUSHIN ◽  
◽  
Andrey KRYLOV ◽  
Aleksandr SKOROVAROV
Keyword(s):  
International Space Station ◽  
Atmospheric Aerosols ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
International Space ◽  
Quartz Crystal Microbalances ◽  
Contamination Levels ◽  
Space Dust ◽  
State Of The Environment

In view of the increasing number of science experiments being carried out in the Russian Segment of the International Space Station, there is a growing interest in the state of the environment where they are conducted, especially, in the contaminating effects of the external induced contamination are firings of control as dust particles the outgassing system thrusters remaining on atmosphere. Sources of the induced atmosphere of non-metallic materials of the outer coatings, and exhausts the external of various venting systems, as well surfaces after launch from Earth, atmospheric aerosols and space dust. The paper presents results of quartz crystal microbalances molecular depositions measurements that were used for evaluating contamination in the induced atmosphere of the first Soviet orbital stations Salyut-7 and Mir, as well as modules Pirs and Poisk of the Russian Segment of the International Space Station. The results of the experiments show a significant effect of illumination and thermal conditions of the contamination source and the quartz microbalance sensor on the measurement results.

Measuring contamination levels in external induced atmosphere of Russian orbital stations and the Russian Segment of the International Space Station

2021 ◽  
pp. 119-127
Author(s):  
Vladimir K. DUSHIN ◽  
Andrey N. KRYLOV ◽  
Aleksandr Yu. SKOROVAROV
Keyword(s):  
International Space Station ◽  
Atmospheric Aerosols ◽  
Quartz Crystal ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
International Space ◽  
Contamination Levels ◽  
Space Dust ◽  
State Of The Environment

In view of the increasing number of science experiments being carried out in the Russian Segment of the International Space Station, there is a growing interest in the state of the environment where they are conducted, especially, in the contaminating effects of the external induced atmosphere. Sources of the induced atmosphere contamination are the off-gassing of non-metallic materials of the outer coatings, firings of control system thrusters and exhausts of various venting systems, as well as dust particles remaining on the external surfaces after launch from Earth, atmospheric aerosols and space dust. The paper presents results of measurements of molecular depositions on the sensors of quartz crystal microbalances that were used for evaluating contamination in the induced atmosphere of the first Soviet orbital stations Salyut-7 and Mir, as well as modules Pirs and Poisk of the Russian Segment of the International Space Station. The results of the experiments show a significant effect of lighting and thermal conditions of the contamination source and the quartz microbalance sensor on the measurement results. Key words: contamination, quartz crystal microbalance, orbital, external induced atmosphere.

scholarly journals Microbiomes of the dust particles collected from the International Space Station and Spacecraft Assembly Facilities

Microbiome ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Checinska ◽  
Alexander J. Probst ◽  
Parag Vaishampayan ◽  
James R. White ◽  
Deepika Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
International Space Station ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
International Space ◽  
Spacecraft Assembly

Microbiological Investigation of the Space Dust Collected from the External Surfaces of the International Space Station

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-88
Author(s):  
Еlena А. Deshevaya ◽  
Elena V. Shubralova ◽  
Svetlana V. Fialkina ◽  
Аleksandr А. Guridov ◽  
Natalia D. Novikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
International Space Station ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Microbiological Investigation ◽  
International Space ◽  
Space Dust

Dose Tracker Application for Collecting Medication Use Data from International Space Station Crew

2020 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia. E. Wotring ◽  
LaRona K. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
International Space Station ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Medication Use ◽  
International Space ◽  
Flight Data ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Share Data ◽  
Usability Feedback

INTRODUCTION: There are knowledge gaps in spaceflight pharmacology with insufficient in-flight data to inform future planning. This effort directly addressed in-mission medication use and also informed open questions regarding spaceflight-associated changes in pharmacokinetics (PK) and/or pharmacodynamics (PD).METHODS: An iOS application was designed to collect medication use information relevant for research from volunteer astronaut crewmembers: medication name, dose, dosing frequency, indication, perceived efficacy, and side effects. Leveraging the limited medication choices aboard allowed a streamlined questionnaire. There were 24 subjects approved for participation.RESULTS: Six crewmembers completed flight data collection and five completed ground data collection before NASA’s early study discontinuation. There were 5766 medication use entries, averaging 20.6 ± 8.4 entries per subject per flight week. Types of medications and their indications were similar to previous reports, with sleep disturbances and muscle/joint pain as primary drivers. Two subjects treated prolonged skin problems. Subjects also used the application in unanticipated ways: to note drug tolerance testing or medication holiday per research protocols, and to share data with flight surgeons. Subjects also provided usability feedback on application design and implementation.DISCUSSION: The volume of data collected (20.6 ± 8.4 entries per subject per flight week) is much greater than was collected previously (<12 per person per entire mission), despite user criticisms regarding app usability. It seems likely that improvements in a software-based questionnaire application could result in a robust data collection tool that astronauts find more acceptable, while simultaneously providing researchers and clinicians with useful data.Wotring VE, Smith LK. Dose tracker application for collecting medication use data from International Space Station crew. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2020; 91(1):41–45.

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