Method for the determination of the internal tearing resistance of paper

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tearing Resistance

Determination of Ductile Tearing Resistance Curve in Weld Joints

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Marie ◽  
P. Gilles ◽  
P. Ould
Keyword(s):  
Welded Joints ◽  
Opening Displacement ◽  
Weak Point ◽  
Global Parameter ◽  
Ductile Tearing ◽  
Weld Joints ◽  
Resistance Curves ◽  
Reliable Solution ◽  
Tearing Resistance

Steels present in the ductile domain a tearing resistance which increase with the crack propagation up to the failure. This ductile tearing resistance is in general characterised with curves giving the variation of a global parameter (opening displacement at the crack tip δ, integral J) versus the crack extension Δa. These global approaches depend more or less on the specimen geometry and on the type of the imposed loading. Local approaches based on the description of the ductile tearing mechanisms provide reliable solution to the transferability problem (from the lab specimen to the component) but are complex and costly to use and are not codified. These problems get worse in the case of a weld joint where no standard is available for the measurement of their ductile tearing resistance. But the welded joints are often the weak point of the structure because of greater risk of defects, the heterogeneity of the microstructure of the weld, deformation along the interface between two materials with different yield stress (mismatch).... After briefly recalling the problems of transferability of the ductile tearing resistance curves obtained on lab specimen to the case of components, this article identifies the factors complicating the determination of the toughness in the welded joints and gives recommendations for the experimental determination of ductile tearing resistance curves of welded joints.

Determination of CTOD Resistance Curves in SENT Specimens With a Tilted Notch

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koen Van Minnebruggen ◽  
Matthias Verstraete ◽  
Rudi Denys ◽  
Philippe Thibaux ◽  
Wim De Waele
Keyword(s):  
Crack Opening ◽  
Potential Drop ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Image Correlation ◽  
Pure Mode ◽  
Opening Displacement ◽  
Thermo Electric ◽  
Seam Weld ◽  
Tearing Resistance

The Single Edge Notched Tension (SENT) specimen is a common tool for the determination of tearing resistance in pipeline steels and welds. However, it assumes pure mode I crack tip loading, which is unrepresentative for the evaluation of spiral seam weld flaws. To this purpose, the authors have performed SENT tests using specimens with a tilted notch. This paper evaluates experimental techniques to obtain the tearing resistance of such specimens. Mixed-mode crack opening displacement and ductile tearing are successfully measured using digital image correlation and direct current potential drop, respectively. The latter technique involves a calibration on the basis of a thermo-electric finite element model. Tearing resistance tends to increase with increasing notch tilt angle. Based on the limited number of tests performed, tilted notch SENT testing appears to be a promising tool for the assessment of spiral seam weld flaws.

Galactic orbits of stars

1966 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 93-97
Author(s):  
Richard Woolley
Keyword(s):  
Globular Cluster ◽  
Potential Field ◽  
High Velocity ◽  
Velocity Vector ◽  
Variable Stars ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Proper Motions ◽  
Rr Lyrae ◽  
The Galaxy

It is now possible to determine proper motions of high-velocity objects in such a way as to obtain with some accuracy the velocity vector relevant to the Sun. If a potential field of the Galaxy is assumed, one can compute an actual orbit. A determination of the velocity of the globular clusterωCentauri has recently been completed at Greenwich, and it is found that the orbit is strongly retrograde in the Galaxy. Similar calculations may be made, though with less certainty, in the case of RR Lyrae variable stars.

Distance to SN 1987A and the LMC

1999 ◽  
Vol 190 ◽  
pp. 549-554
Author(s):  
Nino Panagia
Keyword(s):  
Angular Size ◽  
Large Magellanic Cloud ◽  
Magellanic Cloud ◽  
Light Curves ◽  
Distance Modulus ◽  
Absolute Size ◽  
Sn 1987A

Using the new reductions of the IUE light curves by Sonneborn et al. (1997) and an extensive set of HST images of SN 1987A we have repeated and improved Panagia et al. (1991) analysis to obtain a better determination of the distance to the supernova. In this way we have derived an absolute size of the ringRabs= (6.23 ± 0.08) x 1017cm and an angular sizeR″ = 808 ± 17 mas, which give a distance to the supernovad(SN1987A) = 51.4 ± 1.2 kpc and a distance modulusm–M(SN1987A) = 18.55 ± 0.05. Allowing for a displacement of SN 1987A position relative to the LMC center, the distance to the barycenter of the Large Magellanic Cloud is also estimated to bed(LMC) = 52.0±1.3 kpc, which corresponds to a distance modulus ofm–M(LMC) = 18.58±0.05.

International determination of the total motion of the pole

1961 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 29-41
Author(s):  
Wm. Markowitz
Keyword(s):  
Secular Motion ◽  
The Future

A symposium on the future of the International Latitude Service (I. L. S.) is to be held in Helsinki in July 1960. My report for the symposium consists of two parts. Part I, denoded (Mk I) was published [1] earlier in 1960 under the title “Latitude and Longitude, and the Secular Motion of the Pole”. Part II is the present paper, denoded (Mk II).

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