Faculty Opinions recommendation of Incidence of pneumococcal disease due to non-pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) serotypes in the United States during the era of widespread PCV7 vaccination, 1998-2004.

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Murdoch
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
The United States

scholarly journals Impact of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccination of Infants on Pneumonia and Influenza Hospitalization and Mortality in All Age Groups in the United States

mBio ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lone Simonsen ◽  
Robert J. Taylor ◽  
Yinong Young-Xu ◽  
Michael Haber ◽  
Larissa May ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Pneumococcal Pneumonia ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Conjugate Vaccination

ABSTRACT A seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) introduced in the United States in 2000 has been shown to reduce invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in both vaccinated children and adults through induction of herd immunity. We assessed the impact of infant immunization on pneumococcal pneumonia hospitalizations and mortality in all age groups using Health Care Utilization Project State Inpatient Databases (SID) for 1996 to 2006 from 10 states; SID contain 100% samples of ICD9-coded hospitalization data for the selected states. Compared to a 1996–1997 through 1998–1999 baseline, by the 2005–2006 season, both IPD and pneumococcal pneumonia hospitalizations and deaths had decreased substantially in all age groups, including a 47% (95% confidence interval [CI], 38 to 54%) reduction in nonbacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia (ICD9 code 481 with no codes indicating IPD) in infants <2 years old and a 54% reduction (CI, 53 to 56%) in adults ≥65 years of age. A model developed to calculate the total burden of pneumococcal pneumonia prevented by infant PCV7 vaccination in the United States from 2000 to 2006 estimated a reduction of 788,838 (CI, 695,406 to 875,476) hospitalizations for pneumococcal pneumonia. Ninety percent of the reduction in model-attributed pneumococcal pneumonia hospitalizations occurred through herd immunity among adults 18 years old and older; similar proportions were found in pneumococcal disease mortality prevented by the vaccine. In the first seasons after PCV introduction, when there were substantial state differences in coverage among <5-year-olds, states with greater coverage had significantly fewer influenza-associated pneumonia hospitalizations among children, suggesting that PCV7 use also reduces influenza-attributable pneumonia hospitalizations. IMPORTANCE Pneumonia is the world’s leading cause of death in children and the leading infectious cause of death among U.S. adults 65 years old and older. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccination of infants has previously been shown to reduce invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) among seniors through prevention of pneumococcal transmission from infants to adults (herd immunity). Our analysis documents a significant vaccine-associated reduction not only in IPD but also in pneumococcal pneumonia hospitalizations and inpatient mortality rates among both vaccinated children and unvaccinated adults. We estimate that fully 90% of the reduction in the pneumonia hospitalization burden occurred among adults. Moreover, states that more rapidly introduced their infant pneumococcal immunization programs had greater reductions in influenza-associated pneumonia hospitalization of children, presumably because the vaccine acts to prevent the pneumococcal pneumonia that frequently follows influenza virus infection. Our results indicate that seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine use has yielded far greater benefits through herd immunity than have previously been recognized.

scholarly journals 647Impact of 13-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine on Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in the United States

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S34-S34
Author(s):  
Lindsay Kim ◽  
Thomas H. Taylor ◽  
Tracy Pondo ◽  
Monica M. Farley ◽  
William Schaffner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Invasive Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
The United States

scholarly journals Invasive and Noninvasive Streptococcus pneumoniae Capsule and Surface Protein Diversity following the Use of a Conjugate Vaccine

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 1711-1718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina M. Croney ◽  
Moon H. Nahm ◽  
Steven K. Juhn ◽  
David E. Briles ◽  
Marilyn J. Crain
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
The United States ◽  
Protein Diversity ◽  
Potential Efficacy

ABSTRACTThe 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) was introduced in the United States in 2010 for the prevention of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and otitis media. While many studies have reported its potential efficacy for IPD, not much is known about the epidemiology of noninvasive disease following its introduction. We characterized the capsular types and surface protein genes of noninvasive pediatric pneumococcal isolates collected between 2002 and 2010 (n= 1,058) at Children's of Alabama following the introduction of PCV7 and tested a subset of noninvasive and previously characterized IPD isolates for the presence of thepspA,pspC, andrrgCgenes, which encode protection-eliciting proteins. PCV7 serotypes had dramatically decreased by 2010 (P< 0.0001), and only 50% of all noninvasive infections were caused by the PCV13 capsular serotypes. Serotype 19A accounted for 32% of the noninvasive isolates, followed by serotypes 35B (9%), 19F (7%), and 6C (6%). After 7 years of PCV7 usage, there were no changes in the frequencies of thepspAorpspCgenes; 96% of the strains were positive for family 1 or 2pspAgenes, and 81% were also positive forpspC. Unexpectedly, more noninvasive than invasive strains were positive forrrgC(P< 0.0001), and the proportion ofrrgC-positive strains in 2008 to 2010 was greater than that in 2002 to 2008 (IPD,P< 0.02; noninvasive,P< 0.001). Serotypes 19F, 19A, and 35B were more frequentlyrrgCpositive (P< 0.005) than other serotypes. A vaccine containing antigens, such as PspA, PspC, and/or RrgC, can provide coverage against most non-PCV13-type pneumococci. Continued surveillance is critical for optimal future vaccine development.

scholarly journals Incidence of Pneumococcal Disease Due to Non–Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV7) Serotypes in the United States during the Era of Widespread PCV7 Vaccination, 1998–2004

2007 ◽  
Vol 196 (9) ◽  
pp. 1346-1354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauri A. Hicks ◽  
Lee H. Harrison ◽  
Brendan Flannery ◽  
James L. Hadler ◽  
William Schaffner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
The United States
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