scholarly journals Birefrince Characteristics of an Optical Element

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9S3) ◽  
pp. 801-803
Keyword(s):  
Phase Difference ◽  
Optical Element ◽  
Uniaxial Crystal ◽  
Optic Axis ◽  
Intensity Measurement ◽  
Double Refraction ◽  
Varying Thickness

Phase difference variation in uniaxial crystal is investigated for varying thickness. Using double refraction property and optic axis method leads to the intensity measurement. The periphery example got when a unique (or focalized) shaft experiences an example of birefringent gem between two polarizers contains data which is intrinsic of the crystalline example under examination.

scholarly journals III. Experiments on a fundamental question in electro-optics: Reduction of relative retardations to absolute

1894 ◽  
Vol 55 (331-335) ◽  
pp. 252-265
Keyword(s):  
Phase Difference ◽  
Optic Axis ◽  
Fundamental Question ◽  
Electric Force ◽  
Optical Effect ◽  
Double Refraction ◽  
Unit Thickness ◽  
Positive Class ◽  
The Way

To prepare the way, I begin by recalling these well-known facts: that when light passes through an electrostatically strained medium in a direction perpendicular to the line of electric force, it undergoes a uni-axal double refraction, the optic axis coinciding with the line of force; that with reference to this action, dielectrics are divisible into two classes, the positive and the negative, which are optically related to each other in the same way as the positive class of crystals to the negative; that the intensity of the action, or the quantity of optical effect per unit thickness of the dielectric, is measured by the product CF 2 , where C is a constant which is characteristic of the medium, and P is the value of the resultant electric force: that the effects are generally observed and examined still as they were discovered first, by simple experiments with a pair of Nicol’s prisms and a slip of strained glass or other phase-difference compensator.

A Case of Double Reflexion

1927 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 951-952
Author(s):  
E. T. S. Appleyard ◽  
H. W. B. Skinner
Keyword(s):  
Uniaxial Crystal ◽  
Optic Axis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Double Refraction ◽  
The Right

We recently had occasion to have a right-angled quartz prism made with the optic axis of the quartz perpendicular to one of the short sides of the right-angled triangle (Fig. 1). The prism has the property that it gives two images when light enters perpendicular to one of the faces and, after internal reflexion at the hypotenuse, passes out at right angles to the other face. It was at first sight rather difficult to see why this doubling of the image occurs, since the incidence on both faces of the prism is normal and quartz is a uniaxial crystal, there can be no double refraction occurring.

scholarly journals On the dispersion of artificial double refraction

1907 ◽  
Vol 79 (529) ◽  
pp. 200-202
Keyword(s):  
Wave Front ◽  
Optic Axis ◽  
Refractive Indices ◽  
Principal Stresses ◽  
Double Refraction ◽  
Optical Coefficient ◽  
Relative Retardation

1. It is well known that glass compressed unequally in different directions behaves like a crystal whose optic axis is along the line of stress. If T 1 , T 2 are the principal stresses in the wave front, μ 1 , μ 2 the refractive indices of the two rays for which the directions of vibration are along T 1 , T 2 respectively, then the relative retardation of the two oppositely polarised rays is R = ( μ 1 — μ 2 ) τ = C (T 1 — T 2 ) τ , where τ is the thickness of glass traversed. C may be called the “stress-optical coefficient ” of the glass. It differs for different glasses and in the same glass for different colours, but it is usually assumed independent of the value of the stress.

scholarly journals The double refraction of quartz along the optic axis

1932 ◽  
Vol 135 (826) ◽  
pp. 214-223
Keyword(s):  
Optic Axis ◽  
Refractive Indices ◽  
Double Refraction ◽  
First Time

1. The double refraction of quartz along the optic axis was shown experimentally for the first time in 1822 by Fresnel with his triprism. In 1869 von Lang measured the refractive indices of quartz for sodium light in five directions nearly parallel to the axis (+ 4°39' to - 5°6'); and the best results he obtained were 1·5441887 and 1·5442605.

Conical extinction curves: a new universal stage technique

1964 ◽  
Vol 33 (265) ◽  
pp. 853-867 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Joel ◽  
F. E. Tocher
Keyword(s):  
Uniaxial Crystal ◽  
Optic Axis ◽  
Circular Cone ◽  
Biaxial Crystal ◽  
Universal Stage

SummaryNew generalized extinction curves, derived from wave-normals located on a circular cone, are presented. They may be used with the universal stage for the accurate location of up to all three of the indicatrix axes, α, β, γ, of any biaxial crystal, or the optic axis of any uniaxial crystal.

Directional Dispersion and Assignment of Optical Phonons in LiNbO3

1972 ◽  
Vol 27 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 1187-1192 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Claus ◽  
J. Brandmüller ◽  
G. Borstel ◽  
E. Wiesendanger ◽  
L. Steffan
Keyword(s):  
Short Wavelength ◽  
Uniaxial Crystal ◽  
Optic Axis ◽  
Optical Phonons ◽  
Dispersion Theory ◽  
Phonon Modes ◽  
Phonon Wave Vector ◽  
Complete Assignment ◽  
Firm Basis ◽  
Degenerate Type

Abstract From the general polariton dispersion theory it can be shown that in an uniaxial crystal the frequencies of optical phonons * which are identical to those of the short wavelength polaritons depend on the angle Θ between the optic axis and the phonon wave vector. For Θ=0 and Θ=Π/2 the phonons are exactly transversal or longitudinal so that they can be assigned to be of totally symmetric or twofold degenerate type. Careful measurements of the directional dispersion of all phonon modes of LiNbO3 form a firm basis for a new complete assignment. 6 of the total number of 13 dispersion branches previously given in the literature had to be reassigned.

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