Effects of Daytime Electric Light Exposure on Human Alertness and Higher Cognitive Functions: A Systematic Review

This paper reports the results of a systematic review conducted on articles examining the effects of daytime electric light exposure on alertness and higher cognitive functions. For this, we selected 59 quantitative research articles from 11 online databases. The review protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020157603). The results showed that both short-wavelength dominant light exposure and higher intensity white light exposure induced alertness. However, those influences depended on factors like the participants’ homeostatic sleep drive and the time of day the participants received the light exposure. The relationship between light exposure and higher cognitive functions was not as straightforward as the alerting effect. The optimal light property for higher cognitive functions was reported dependent on other factors, such as task complexity and properties of control light. Among the studies with short-wavelength dominant light exposure, ten studies (morning: 3; afternoon: 7) reported beneficial effects on simple task performances (reaction time), and four studies (morning: 3; afternoon: 1) on complex task performances. Four studies with higher intensity white light exposure (morning: 3; afternoon: 1) reported beneficial effects on simple task performance and nine studies (morning: 5; afternoon: 4) on complex task performance. Short-wavelength dominant light exposure with higher light intensity induced a beneficial effect on alertness and simple task performances. However, those effects did not hold for complex task performances. The results indicate the need for further studies to understand the influence of short-wavelength dominant light exposure with higher illuminance on alertness and higher cognitive functions.

Improving All Ternary Small-Molecule Organic Solar Cells by Optimizing Short Wavelength Photon Harvesting and Exciton Dissociation based on a Bisadduct analogue of [70]PCBM as a Third Component Materials

Ternary small-molecule organic solar cells (OSCs) are efficiently optimized and fabricated with small-molecule benzodithiophene terthiophene rhodanine (BTR) as donors and blends of Y6 and bisPC71BM or PC71BM used as acceptors....

Visible and Infrared Solar Upconversion for Water Splitting via Surface Plasmon-passivated Strategy

The current photocatalytic technology for water splitting usually localized in specific short-wavelength photons. Herein, we used surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of noble metal to respond to a broad solar spectrum,...

Chemical Effects of Light and Photography

This article discusses the chemical and biological effects of light and photography. Light is a form of energy known as electromagnetic radiation, and its expression at wavelengths and the unit of measurement, nanometer, is considered a separate characteristic. It ranges from very short wavelength to long wavelength radiation. Visible (normal / sunlight) light is the band of radiation that our eyes can see. Under the influence of light, the following processes can occur: the attachment of atoms to molecules, dissociation, photochemical reaction, synthesis reaction. This article discusses light and its chemical effects, as well as photography. Keywords: Photosynthesis. Photography, electromagnetic radiation, synthesis, photography, xerography, photography, photochemistry, eosin, erythrosine, methylene film.