Electrical activity of expiratory muscles in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Aim. To study the functional state of the expiratory muscles in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus on the basis of changes in their electrical activity when using a functional test with a static expiratory effort. Materials and methods. 47 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 40 patients without disorders of carbohydrate metabolism were examined. To study the electrical activity of the expiratory muscles, surface electromyography (EMG) of the external oblique abdominal muscle (OAM), rectus abdominis muscle (RAM), and internal intercostal muscles (IIM) was performed using a functional test with a static expiratory effort. Results. When performing a functional test with a static expiratory effort in both groups, a decrease in the frequency and an increase in the amplitude of EMG was observed, however, in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, these changes were less pronounced. There were also differences in the dynamics of changes in EMG indicators. In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, the decrease in the frequency of EMG OAM began from 10 seconds of the test, IIM – from 15 seconds, in the comparison group – from 5 and 10 seconds, respectively. The OAM EMG amplitude in the main group did not change significantly, in the comparison group it increased from 5 seconds of expiratory effort. At the 10th second of the test, the amplitude index of the EMG OAM in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus was 10.4% lower (p=0.027) than in the comparison group, and at the 15th second – by 10.5% (p=0.033). Conclusion: The change in the electrical activity of the expiratory muscles in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is due to the slowed down dynamics of the frequency-amplitude characteristics of the EMG OAM, uncompensated IIM fatigue, as well as lower values of the OAM EMG amplitude when performing a functional exercise test with a static expiratory effort.

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Ocular Risk Factors in the Primary Formation of Diabetic Macular Edema in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Ophthalmology in Russia ◽

10.18008/1816-5095-2019-2-225-229 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 225-229

Author(s):

M. V. Pshenichnov ◽

O. V. Kolenko ◽

E. L. Sorokin ◽

Ya. E. Pashentcev

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Macular Edema ◽

Comparison Group ◽

Mean Value ◽

Main Group ◽

The Mean

Purpose. Revealing of the ocular risk factors in the formation of diabetic macular edema (ME) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2).Patients and methods. A 3.5-year research of 80 patients (160 eyes) with DM2 without signs of ME at the beginning of the research was performed. The main group consisted of 46 patients with ME symptoms on one or both eyes during the research period, the comparison group included 34 patients without ME symptoms to the end of the research. The initial ocular characteristics were retrospect compared in groups.Results. The mean value of the axial lengths (AL) in the eyes of the main group was 23.12 ± 0.75 mm compared to 23.82 ± 0.62 mm in the comparison group (significant difference, p < 0.01). AL was less than 23.5 mm in 66 % of the eyes in the main group and only in 22 % of the eyes in the comparison group (p < 0.01). The mean value of the initial macular retina volume in the main group was significantly higher than in the comparison group — 7.51 ± 0.22 mm3 and 7.21 ± 0.12 mm3, respectively (p < 0.01). Initial background diabetic retinopathy (DR) was noted in 73 % of the eyes in the main group, which significantly differed from the comparison group, where this index was noted only in 13 % of the eyes (p < 0.01).Conclusion. Significant ocular risk factors for the formation of ME in patients with DM2 are: the initial macular retina volume more than 7.3 mm3, the value of the AL less than 23.5 mm; the initial background DR. The use of the detected morphometric parameters of eye and retina in combination with an adequate assessment of the risk factors in human organism makes it possible to assume with high degree of probability a high risk of the primary formation of diabetic ME in patients with DM2.

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Condition of bone tissue in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus of Buryat population

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

10.14341/dm10310 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (5) ◽

pp. 436-443

Author(s):

Tatiana P. Bardymova ◽

Maksim V. Mistiakov ◽

Galina P. Yagelskaya

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Bone Tissue ◽

Bone Remodeling ◽

Comparison Group ◽

Russian Population ◽

Type 2 Dm

BACKGROUND: In most countries, there is a rapid increase in the population of patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM). Bone changes in postmenopausal women with type 2 DM are associated with increased bone mineral density (BMD). The study of metabolic processes in bone tissue in comorbid pathology in different ethnic groups is continuing. AIMS: To study the concentration of markers of bone remodeling and indicators of BMD in postmenopausal women with type 2 DM of the Buryat population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-nine postmenopausal women with type 2 DM (22 Russian population and 17 Buryat population) were examined. The comparison group consisted of 42 postmenopausal women (21 Russian population and 21 - Buryat population). The study of BMD in the lumbar spine (L1-L4), the femoral neck (Neck), and the proximal femur (Total hip) was performed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Parameters of osteocalcin (OC), type 1 N-terminal procollagen propeptide (P1NP), C-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen (-Cross laps), 25(OH) vitamin D and ionized calcium were evaluated. RESULTS: The presented study revealed a simultaneous increase in osteosynthesis: ОС (p=0.048) and P1NP (p=0.016) and in the bone resorption marker -Cross laps (p=0.020) accompanied by the absence of changes in BMD in women with type 2 DM in the postmenopausal period of the Buryat population relative to women with type 2 DM in the postmenopausal state of the Russian population. A decrease in osteosynthesis parameters (ОC, p=0.021; P1NP, p=0.029) with an increase in BMD L1-L4 (p=0.024) and BMD Total hip (p=0.039) in postmenopausal women with type 2 DM of the Buryat population was found relative to the women of the Buryat population in comparison group. CONCLUSIONS: The state of bone tissue in postmenopausal women with type 2 DM of the Buryat population is characterized by the activation of bone remodeling processes.

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The results of kidney transplantation in elderly recipients with diabetes mellitus

Transplantologiya The Russian Journal of Transplantation ◽

10.23873/2074-0506-2020-12-1-10-19 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 10-19

Author(s):

M. Sh. Khubutiya ◽

N. V. Shmarina ◽

K. E. Lazareva ◽

E. V. Migunova ◽

A. I. Kazantsev ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Kidney Transplantation ◽

Comparison Group ◽

Chronic Renal Disease ◽

Kidney Graft ◽

Elderly Recipients ◽

End Stage

Introduction. Currently, the type 2 diabetes mellitus is in the nature of an epidemic of non-infectious etiology. In this regard, the incidence of diabetes mellitus complications, including diabetic nephropathy, which lead to end-stage chronic renal disease, is also increasing. The treatment of type 2 diabetic patients with end-stage chronic renal disease presents significant difficulties, which is associated with an additional risk of developing infectious complications and, as a rule, the presence of concomitant pathology of the cardiovascular system.Objective. To analyze the results of kidney transplantation in elderly patients with diabetes mellitus in the early postoperative period.Material and methods. The study is based on a retrospective analysis of the results of 77 kidney transplants ations performed to elderly recipients at N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine in the period from 2015 to 2019. The study group included 22 recipients over 60 years old with type 2 diabetes mellitus, as main or concomitant disease. The comparison group consisted of 55 recipients over 60 years without diabetes.Results. Survival of recipients with type 2 diabetes mellitus was significantly lower (p = 0.026). So, there were 20 surviving recipients (90.9%) in the group of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and 55 (100%) surviving recipients in the group without diabetes. When comparing the kidney graft survival rates in the recipients between the two groups, no statistically significant difference (p = 0.29) was found. The overall graft survival was 77.3% (n = 17) in the group of recipients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and 89.1% (n = 49) in the comparison group.Conclusions. It has been proven that kidney transplant recipients with type 2 diabetes mellitus have a significantly lower survival rate after transplantation than recipients without diabetes; and the kidney graft survivals were not significantly different early after transplantation. The recipients did not show differences in the recovery of the transplanted kidney function depending on the presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus.Authors declare no conflict of interest.

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