abdominal muscle
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2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-81
Author(s):  
Risfandi SETYAWAN ◽  
◽  
Hari SETIJONO ◽  
Nining Widyah KUSNANIK ◽  
◽  
...  

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of a stable device with an instability device using circuit training method on balance, flexibility, abdominal muscle strength. This research used quasi-experimental design by giving exercises aided instability devices using a gym ball with a circuit training method in six training posts. Trainer used the gym ball instability devices programmed: 1) bridge on stability ball, 2) single leg on stability ball, 3) hip lift on stability ball, 4)single-leg hip lift on stability ball, 5) stability ball leg rotations stability ball leg rotations 6) prone scaption (Y) on stability ball. Total population is 90 male students, age ± 19 years, height ± 164.40 cm, and body weight ± 55.33kg. From the test of each group (paired sample), it was found that there was a significant difference between pretest and posttest on the variable group of stable devices with instability devices (p-value> 0.05), while the control group did not have any difference (p-value <0.05). Meanwhile, ANOVA test results obtained only the average value of the balance variable in the instability device group using gym ball with control (p-value 0.002 <0.05), the stable device using a mattress and control (p-value 0.000 <0.05), the flexibility group of the stable devices using a control mattress (p-value 0.001 <0.05), the abdominal muscle strength device instability using a gym ball with a control (p-value 0.007 <0.05 <0.05) which has a difference.


Author(s):  
A. K. Kunarbaeva ◽  
A. I. Miroshnichenko ◽  
K. М. Ivanov ◽  
I. V. Miroshnichenko

Aim. To study the functional state of the expiratory muscles in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus on the basis of changes in their electrical activity when using a functional test with a static expiratory effort. Materials and methods. 47 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 40 patients without disorders of carbohydrate metabolism were examined. To study the electrical activity of the expiratory muscles, surface electromyography (EMG) of the external oblique abdominal muscle (OAM), rectus abdominis muscle (RAM), and internal intercostal muscles (IIM) was performed using a functional test with a static expiratory effort. Results. When performing a functional test with a static expiratory effort in both groups, a decrease in the frequency and an increase in the amplitude of EMG was observed, however, in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, these changes were less pronounced. There were also differences in the dynamics of changes in EMG indicators. In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, the decrease in the frequency of EMG OAM began from 10 seconds of the test, IIM – from 15 seconds, in the comparison group – from 5 and 10 seconds, respectively. The OAM EMG amplitude in the main group did not change significantly, in the comparison group it increased from 5 seconds of expiratory effort. At the 10th second of the test, the amplitude index of the EMG OAM in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus was 10.4% lower (p=0.027) than in the comparison group, and at the 15th second – by 10.5% (p=0.033). Conclusion: The change in the electrical activity of the expiratory muscles in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is due to the slowed down dynamics of the frequency-amplitude characteristics of the EMG OAM, uncompensated IIM fatigue, as well as lower values of the OAM EMG amplitude when performing a functional exercise test with a static expiratory effort.


Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1311
Author(s):  
Jia-Jia Zhou ◽  
Yong-Jie Chang ◽  
Yu-Long Chen ◽  
Xu-Dong Wang ◽  
Qing Liao ◽  
...  

Intermuscular bones (IBs) are small spicule-like bones located in the myosepta of basal teleosts, which negatively affect the edibleness and economic value of fish. Blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala, with epineural and epipleural IBs) and tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus, without epineural and epipleural IBs) are two major aquaculture species and ideal models for studying the formation mechanisms of fish IBs. Here, we compared myosepta development between M. amblycephala and O. niloticus, based on histological analysis, transcriptome profiling, and expression analysis of bone-related genes. The histological results showed that dye condensation began to appear in the myosepta 20 days post hatching (dph) in M. amblycephala, and IBs could be clearly observed 50 dph in the myosepta, based on different staining methods. However, in O. niloticus, dye condensation was not observed in the myosepta from 10 to 60 dph. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at different developmental stages were screened by comparing the transcriptomes of M. amblycephala and O. niloticus, and KEGG analysis demonstrated that these DEGs were enriched in many bone-related pathways, such as focal adhesion, calcium, and Wnt signaling pathways. Quantitative PCR was performed to further compare the expression levels of some bone-related genes (scxa, scxb, runx2a, runx2b, bgp, sp7, col1a2, entpd5a, entpd5b, phex, alpl, and fgf23). All the tested genes (except for alpl) exhibited higher expression levels in M. amblycephala than in O. niloticus. A comparison of the dorsal and abdominal muscle tissues between the two species also revealed significant expression differences for most of the tested genes. The results suggest that scxa, scxb, runx2a, runx2b, entpd5a, col1a2, and bgp may play important roles in IB development. Our findings provide some insights into the molecular mechanisms of IB formation, as well as clues for further functional analysis of the identified genes to better understand the development of IBs.


2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying-Jun She ◽  
Wen-Xing Liu ◽  
Ling-Yu Wang ◽  
Xin-Xu Ou ◽  
Hui-Hong Liang ◽  
...  

Abstract Background The spread of spinal anesthesia was influenced by many factors, and the effect of body height on spinal anesthesia is still arguable. This study aimed to explore the impact of height on the spread of spinal anesthesia and the stress response in parturients. Methods A total of ninety-seven parturients were allocated into two groups according to their height: the shorter group (body height was shorter than 158 cm) and taller group (body height was taller than 165 cm). Spinal anesthesia was performed with the same amount of 12 mg plain ropivacaine in mothers of different heights. The primary outcome of the study was the success or failure of the spinal anesthesia. The secondary outcomes of the study were stress response, time to T6 sensory level, the incidence of hypotension, the satisfaction of abdominal muscle relaxation and patient VAS scores. Results The rate of successful spinal anesthesia in the shorter group was significantly higher than that in the taller group (p = 0.02). The increase of maternal cortisol level in the shorter group was lower than that in the taller group at skin closure (p = 0.001). The incidence of hypotension (p = 0.013), time to T6 sensory block (p = 0.005), the quality of abdominal muscle relaxation (p <  0.001), and VAS values in stretching abdominal muscles and uterine exteriorization (p <  0.001) in the shorter group were significantly different from those in the taller group. Multivariate analysis showed that vertebral column length (p <  0.001), abdominal girth (p = 0.022), amniotic fluid index (p = 0.022) were significantly associated with successful spinal anesthesia. Conclusions It’s difficult to use a single factor to predict the spread of spinal anesthesia. Patient’s vertebral column length, amniotic fluid index and abdominal girth were the high determinant factors for predicting the spread of spinal anesthesia. Trials registration ChiCTR-ROC-17012030 (Chictr.org.cn), registered on 18/07/2017.


PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0260309
Author(s):  
Dong Kee Jang ◽  
Dong-Won Ahn ◽  
Kook Lae Lee ◽  
Byeong Gwan Kim ◽  
Ji Won Kim ◽  
...  

Aim Liver cirrhosis and features of muscle or adipose tissues may affect the severity of acute pancreatitis (AP). We aimed to evaluate the impact of body composition parameters and liver cirrhosis on the severity of AP in patients with alcohol-induced AP (AAP). Methods Patients with presumed AAP who underwent CT within one week after admission were retrospectively enrolled. L3 sectional areas of abdominal fat and muscle, and mean muscle attenuations (MMAs) were quantified. The presence of liver cirrhosis was determined using clinical and CT findings. Factors potentially associated with moderately severe or severe AP were included in the multivariable logistic regression analysis. Results A total of 242 patients (47.0 ± 12.6 years, 215 males) with presumed AAP were included. The mild and moderately severe/severe (MSS) groups included 137 (56.6%) and 105 patients (43.4%), respectively. Patients in the MSS group had higher rates of liver cirrhosis, organ failure, and local complications. Among body composition parameters, mean MMA (33.4 vs 36.8 HU, P<0.0001) and abdominal muscle mass (126.5 vs 135.1 cm2, P = 0.029) were significantly lower in the MSS group. The presence of liver cirrhosis (OR, 4.192; 95% CI, 1.620–10.848) was found to be a significant risk factor for moderately severe or severe AP by multivariable analysis. Conclusion The results of this study suggest that liver cirrhosis has a significant impact on the severity of AAP. Of the body composition parameters examined, MMA and abdominal muscle mass showed potential as promising predictors.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iren Khatun ◽  
Mohammad Anwar Hossain ◽  
K M Amran Hossain ◽  
Nadia Afrin Urme

Abstract Background: Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in females is a common gynecological issue that impedes lifestyle. Exercise had a significant effect; however, studies did not determine the exercise frequency and intensity for pelvic floor stabilization in stress urinary incontinence. Aim: The aim of the study is to determine if maximum repetition of pelvic stabilization exercise impacts the management of stress urinary incontinence in females. Methodology: One arm quasi-experimental study design was used. 40 patients having SUI and associated musculoskeletal complaints were recruited from the outpatient unit of Physiotherapy department of the Centre for the Rehabilitation of the Paralysed (CRP), Bangladesh. The study was conducted over 4weeks. Outcome measurement was included pelvic floor and abdominal muscle strength, endurance, and incontinence measurement. Result: Pelvic floor muscle and abdominal strength, and endurance had a positive and significant result in maximum repetition (P .001). Pelvic floor strength has been significantly improvement in week 2 (P .001), and week 3 (P .01). Interference in activities (P .003), and ICIQ total (P .001) had improvement but majority of the improvement was noted in weeks 2-3. There was a significant improvement in the frequency of urine leakage in the first week (P .001), and week 3 (P .005) and week 4 (P .001). Conclusion: Pelvic floor exercise with increasing repetition is an effective approach to improve stress urinary incontinence in females. The study had a significant impact on incontinence frequency, amount, and associated quality of life for women with stress urinary incontinence with pelvic floor exercise with maximum repetition. Key Words: Stress Urinary Incontinence, Physiotherapy, exercise, Maximum repetition


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiyeon Ha ◽  
Taeyong Park ◽  
Hong-Kyu Kim ◽  
Youngbin Shin ◽  
Yousun Ko ◽  
...  

AbstractAs sarcopenia research has been gaining emphasis, the need for quantification of abdominal muscle on computed tomography (CT) is increasing. Thus, a fully automated system to select L3 slice and segment muscle in an end-to-end manner is demanded. We aimed to develop a deep learning model (DLM) to select the L3 slice with consideration of anatomic variations and to segment cross-sectional areas (CSAs) of abdominal muscle and fat. Our DLM, named L3SEG-net, was composed of a YOLOv3-based algorithm for selecting the L3 slice and a fully convolutional network (FCN)-based algorithm for segmentation. The YOLOv3-based algorithm was developed via supervised learning using a training dataset (n = 922), and the FCN-based algorithm was transferred from prior work. Our L3SEG-net was validated with internal (n = 496) and external validation (n = 586) datasets. Ground truth L3 level CT slice and anatomic variation were identified by a board-certified radiologist. L3 slice selection accuracy was evaluated by the distance difference between ground truths and DLM-derived results. Technical success for L3 slice selection was defined when the distance difference was < 10 mm. Overall segmentation accuracy was evaluated by CSA error and DSC value. The influence of anatomic variations on DLM performance was evaluated. In the internal and external validation datasets, the accuracy of automatic L3 slice selection was high, with mean distance differences of 3.7 ± 8.4 mm and 4.1 ± 8.3 mm, respectively, and with technical success rates of 93.1% and 92.3%, respectively. However, in the subgroup analysis of anatomic variations, the L3 slice selection accuracy decreased, with distance differences of 12.4 ± 15.4 mm and 12.1 ± 14.6 mm, respectively, and with technical success rates of 67.2% and 67.9%, respectively. The overall segmentation accuracy of abdominal muscle areas was excellent regardless of anatomic variation, with CSA errors of 1.38–3.10 cm2. A fully automatic system was developed for the selection of an exact axial CT slice at the L3 vertebral level and the segmentation of abdominal muscle areas.


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