Load Frequency Control in a Multi-Area Deregulated Power System with BBBC-based Discrete Fractional Order Control Scheme

WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS ◽

10.37394/232016.2020.15.19 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

Keyword(s):

Power System ◽

Frequency Control ◽

Big Bang ◽

Load Frequency Control ◽

Frequency Error ◽

Area Control Error ◽

Load Frequency ◽

Deregulated Power System ◽

Control Scheme ◽

Big Crunch

Load frequency control (LFC) for multi-area restructured power system using discrete controlscheme has been suggested in this paper. The proposed LFC scheme utilizes synchronously measured dataof frequency and tie-line power to calculate area control error (ACE). A discrete non-integer proportionalintegral derivative controller (D-FOPID) has been used to derive frequency error to zero. Two-area thermaland four-area hydro thermal deregulated power system has been used to investigate various LFC issues. Theoptimal factors of D-FOPID have been obtained using big bang big crunch (BBBC) algorithm. The systemresults under MATLAB/Simulink validate that D-FOPID effectively work under different types of contractscenarios. D-FOPID performance has also been compared to discrete proportional integral derivativecontroller (D-PID). Further the compliance with control standards of North American electric reliabilitycouncil (NERC) has also been ensured for both the controller.

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5G Poor and Rich Novel Control Scheme Based Load Frequency Regulation of a Two-Area System with 100% Renewables in Africa

Fractal and Fractional ◽

10.3390/fractalfract5010002 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 2

Author(s):

Hady H. Fayek

Keyword(s):

Power System ◽

Fractional Order ◽

Packet Loss ◽

Pid Controller ◽

Frequency Control ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Load Frequency Control ◽

Load Frequency ◽

Control Scheme ◽

Non Linear

Remote farms in Africa are cultivated lands planned for 100% sustainable energy and organic agriculture in the future. This paper presents the load frequency control of a two-area power system feeding those farms. The power system is supplied by renewable technologies and storage facilities only which are photovoltaics, biogas, biodiesel, solar thermal, battery storage and flywheel storage systems. Each of those facilities has 150-kW capacity. This paper presents a model for each renewable energy technology and energy storage facility. The frequency is controlled by using a novel non-linear fractional order proportional integral derivative control scheme (NFOPID). The novel scheme is compared to a non-linear PID controller (NPID), fractional order PID controller (FOPID), and conventional PID. The effect of the different degradation factors related to the communication infrastructure, such as the time delay and packet loss, are modeled and simulated to assess the controlled system performance. A new cost function is presented in this research. The four controllers are tuned by novel poor and rich optimization (PRO) algorithm at different operating conditions. PRO controller design is compared to other state of the art techniques in this paper. The results show that the PRO design for a novel NFOPID controller has a promising future in load frequency control considering communication delays and packet loss. The simulation and optimization are applied on MATLAB/SIMULINK 2017a environment.

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