scholarly journals Pretraining a compound conditioned stimulus reduces unblocking

1985 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter C. Holland
Keyword(s):  
Conditioned Stimulus ◽  
Compound Conditioned Stimulus

Effects of extinction with a compound conditioned stimulus.

1991 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Pearce ◽  
Paul N. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Conditioned Stimulus ◽  
Compound Conditioned Stimulus

Locus of the Effect of a Surprising Reinforcer in the Attenuation of Blocking

1977 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. Mackintosh ◽  
D. J. Bygrave ◽  
B. M. B. Picton
Keyword(s):  
Conditioned Stimulus ◽  
Unconditioned Stimulus ◽  
Conditioned Suppression ◽  
The Other ◽  
Compound Trial ◽  
Redundant Stimulus ◽  
Compound Conditioned Stimulus ◽  
Effective Reinforcer

Previous experiments on conditioned suppression in rats have shown that prior conditioning to one element of a compound conditioned stimulus paired with shock may block or prevent conditioning to the other element. Reliable conditioning may, however, occur to the added element (blocking may be attenuated), if a surprising second shock is added shortly after each compound trial. Experiment I confirmed this finding, and further showed that blocking was attenuated only when the second shock occurred 10 s after the compound trial, not when it occurred 100 s later. Experiment II showed that the surprising omission of an expected second shock 10 s after each compound trial would also attenuate blocking, thus implying that the surprising event does not itself act to reinforce conditioning to the added element, but rather permits the unconditioned stimulus (the first shock) to play its normal role as an effective reinforcer. This conclusion was confirmed by Experiment III, which showed that a surprising second shock does not produce any increase in conditioning to the added element on the trial on which it occurs; rather it serves to ensure adequate conditioning to that element on a subsequent compound trial. The implication is that the surprising event acts proactively to prevent subjects learning to ignore an otherwise redundant stimulus.

Effects of discrimination training on responding during a compound conditioned stimulus.

1992 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Pearce ◽  
Jan Adam ◽  
Paul N. Wilson ◽  
Richard J. Darby
Keyword(s):  
Conditioned Stimulus ◽  
Discrimination Training ◽  
Compound Conditioned Stimulus

Factors Influencing Electrophysiologic Responsivity in Normal Adults

1965 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-347
Author(s):  
Robert Goldstein ◽  
Benjamin RosenblÜt
Keyword(s):  
Conditioned Stimulus ◽  
White Light ◽  
Pure Tone ◽  
Alpha Rhythm ◽  
White Women ◽  
White Men ◽  
Inverse Relation ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Electrodermal Responses ◽  
Normal Adults

Electrodermal and electroencephalic responsivity to sound and to light was studied in 96 normal-hearing adults in three separate sessions. The subjects were subdivided into equal groups of white men, white women, colored men, and colored women. A 1 000 cps pure tone was the conditioned stimulus in two sessions and white light was used in a third session. Heat was the unconditioned stimulus in all sessions. Previously, an inverse relation had been found in white men between the prominence of alpha rhythm in the EEG and the ease with which electrodermal responses could be elicited. This relation did not hold true for white women. The main purpose of the present study was to answer the following questions: (1) are the previous findings on white subjects applicable to colored subjects? (2) are subjects who are most (or least) responsive electrophysiologically on one day equally responsive (or unresponsive) on another day? and (3) are subjects who are most (or least) responsive to sound equally responsive (or unresponsive) to light? In general, each question was answered affirmatively. Other factors influencing responsivity were also studied.

“Paint It Black”

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 196-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oulmann Zerhouni ◽  
Johan Lepage
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Conditioned Stimulus ◽  
Evaluative Conditioning ◽  
Maladaptive Behaviors ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Contingency Awareness ◽  
Difficulties In Emotion Regulation

Abstract. The present study is a first attempt to link self-reported difficulties in everyday emotion regulation (ER) with evaluative conditioning (EC). We conducted a within-subject study in which participants (n = 90) filled the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) and were exposed to neutral conditioned stimulus (CS) paired with mildly or highly arousing negative unconditioned stimuli (USs) and positive USs. Participants then filled a contingency awareness measure. Results showed (i) that CSs paired with highly arousing negative USs were more negatively evaluated, (ii) that the EC effect with highly and mildly arousing negative USs was stronger among participants with greater self-reported difficulties in everyday ER. Moreover, participants were more likely to be aware of the CS-US contingencies with highly (vs. mildly) arousing negative USs. Implications for the understanding of maladaptive behaviors and for future directions in EC research are discussed.

Reaction Time and the Conditioned Orienting Reflex Under Different Conditioned-Stimulus-Unconditioned-Stimulus Intervals

1965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irving Maltzman ◽  
David C. Raskin ◽  
Ola Johnson ◽  
Jay Gould
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Conditioned Stimulus ◽  
Unconditioned Stimulus ◽  
Orienting Reflex

DIRECTION AND RATE OF CONDITIONED STIMULUS CHANGE IN AVOIDANCE PERFORMANCE

1958 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 499
Author(s):  
MARVIN SCHWARTZ
Keyword(s):  
Conditioned Stimulus ◽  
Stimulus Change ◽  
Avoidance Performance
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