scholarly journals The role of response-produced cues in paired-associate transfer as a function of intralist stimulus similarity

1968 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 197-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. del Castillo ◽  
Henry C. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Paired Associate ◽  
Stimulus Similarity

The role of meaningfulness (m) in paired-associate verbal learning.

1957 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clyde E. Noble ◽  
Deldon A. McNeely
Keyword(s):  
Paired Associate ◽  
Verbal Learning

scholarly journals Exploring the role of stimulus similarity on the summation effect in causal learning

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar D. Pérez ◽  
Rene San Martín ◽  
Fabián A. Soto
Keyword(s):  
Associative Learning ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Causal Learning ◽  
Spatial Position ◽  
Stimulus Similarity ◽  
Summation Effect ◽  
Causal Independence

AbstractSeveral contemporary models of associative learning anticipate that the higher responding to a compound of two cues separately trained with a common outcome than to each of the cues alone -a summation effect-is modulated by the similarity between the cues forming the compound. Here, we explored this hypothesis in a series of causal learning experiments with humans. Participants were presented with two visual cues that separately predicted a common outcome and later asked for the outcome predicted by the compound of the two cues. Importantly, the cues’ similarity was varied between groups through changes in shape, spatial position, color, configuration and rotation. In variance with the predictions of these models, we observed similar and strong levels of summation in both groups across all manipulations of similarity (Experiments 1-5). The summation effect was significantly reduced by manipulations intended to impact assumptions about the causal independence of the cues forming the compound, but this reduction was independent of stimulus similarity (Experiment 6). These results are problematic for similarity-based models and can be more readily explained by rational approaches to causal learning.

The Role of Horizontal Categorization in Retroactive and Proactive Interference

2002 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 196-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hartmut Blank
Keyword(s):  
Proactive Interference ◽  
Paired Associate ◽  
Response Competition ◽  
Total N ◽  
Stimulus Response ◽  
Strong Interference ◽  
Word Lists ◽  
Categorical Structure ◽  
River Thames

Abstract. Four paired-associate experiments with a total N of 291 participants investigated the effects of horizontal categorization on retroactive and proactive interference. (Exclusively) horizontal categorization means that unique categorical relationships hold across the A-B and A-C stimulus-response pairs of successive word lists (e.g., fruit-pear, river-Thames, in list 1; and fruit-plum, river-Wolga, in list 2). Experiment 1 found no significant amounts of interference with this type of list organization. However, strong interference arose with the same materials when the categorical structure was destroyed in Experiment 2. A third experiment contrasted two alternative explanations for these results, and Experiment 4 replicated the effect of horizontal categorization (vs. no categorical relationship) in a within-participants design. The results of the four experiments largely fit with a response competition explanation proposed by Bower, Thompson-Schill, and Tulving (1994 ), adapted to the within-participants designs used here. Overall, the present findings add to a body of evidence demonstrating limits to retroactive and proactive interference.

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