Effects of family risk on early attachment security: Gender-specific susceptibility and mediation by parenting behavior

Growing up in high-risk environments is detrimental to children’s development of attachment security. Parenting behavior is hypothesized to be the mechanism through which risks exert their influence. However, risk influences can vary between individuals by gender. Aim of this study was to explore specific pathways of family risk on early attachment security and additionally examine the transmission via parenting behavior. The sample consisted of 197 children and their primary caregivers. Children’s age ranged between 10 and 21 months ( M = 15.25, SD = 3.59). Data assessment included 21 distal and proximal family risk factors, children’s attachment security, and parental responsivity and supportive presence. Whereas distal risk factors had an adverse effect only on girls’ attachment security, proximal risks negatively affected only boys’ attachment security. Additionally, patterns of risk factors occurring in our sample were analyzed using an exploratory principal component analysis. Regardless of the child’s gender, a low socio- economic status was negatively related to attachment security of all children. Migration and crowding and a high emotional load of the primary caregiver both negatively predicted girls’ but not boys’ attachment security. However, the attachment security of boys was affected by a negative family climate. Most of the adverse risk effects on attachment security were mediated by parental responsivity and supportive presence so that the transmission of risk occurs through parenting behavior. Results revealed a different susceptibility of family risks for girls and boys. The consideration of a gender-sensitive approach in developmental psychopathology and interventions of developmental child welfare services is recommended.

Comprehensive Analysis of the Prognostic Values of the TRIM Family in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

BackgroundAccumulating studies have demonstrated the abnormal expressions and prognostic values of certain members of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family in diverse cancers. However, comprehensive prognostic values of the TRIM family in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are yet to be clearly defined.MethodsThe prognostic values of the TRIM family were evaluated by survival analysis and univariate Cox regression analysis based on gene expression data and clinical data of HCC from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. The expression profiles, protein–protein interaction among the TRIM family, prediction of transcription factors (TFs) or miRNAs, genetic alterations, correlations with the hallmarks of cancer and immune infiltrates, and pathway enrichment analysis were explored by multiple public databases. Further, a TRIM family gene-based signature for predicting overall survival (OS) in HCC was built by using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression. TCGA–Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma (LIHC) cohort was used as the training set, and GSE76427 was used for external validation. Time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and survival analysis were used to estimate the signature. Finally, a nomogram combining the TRIM family risk score and clinical parameters was established.ResultsHigh expressions of TRIM family members including TRIM3, TRIM5, MID1, TRIM21, TRIM27, TRIM32, TRIM44, TRIM47, and TRIM72 were significantly associated with HCC patients’ poor OS. A novel TRIM family gene-based signature (including TRIM5, MID1, TRIM21, TRIM32, TRIM44, and TRIM47) was built for OS prediction in HCC. ROC curves suggested the signature’s good performance in OS prediction. HCC patients in the high-risk group had poorer OS than the low-risk patients based on the signature. A nomogram integrating the TRIM family risk score, age, and TNM stage was established. The ROC curves suggested that the signature presented better discrimination than the similar model without the TRIM family risk score.ConclusionOur study identified the potential application values of the TRIM family for outcome prediction in HCC.

Exploring the Contribution of Proximal Family Risk Factors on SLC6A4 DNA Methylation in Children with a History of Maltreatment: A Preliminary Study

The cumulative effects of proximal family risk factors have been associated with a high number of adverse outcomes in childhood maltreatment, and DNA methylation of the serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) has been associated with child maltreatment. However, the relationships between proximal family risk factors and SLC6A4 methylation remains unexplored. We examined the association among cumulative family risk factors, maltreatment experiences and DNA methylation in the SLC6A4 gene in a sample of 33 child victims of maltreatment. We computed a cumulative family risk (CFR) index that included proximal family risk factors, such as drug or alcohol abuse, psychopathology, parents’ experiences of maltreatment/abuse in childhood, criminal history, and domestic violence. The majority of children (90.9%) experienced more than one type of maltreatment. Hierarchical regression models suggested that the higher the CFR index score and the number of maltreatment experiences, and the older the children, the higher the SLC6A4 DNA methylation levels. Although preliminary, our findings suggest that, along with childhood maltreatment experiences per se, cumulative proximal family risk factors are seemingly critically associated with DNA methylation at the SLC6A4 gene.

Exploring the Contribution of Proximal Family Risk Factors on SLC6A4 DNA Methylation in Children with a History of Maltreament

Exploring the contribution of proximal family risk factors on SLC6A4 DNA methylation in children with a history of maltreatment

Resilience to Early Family Risk Moderates Daily Stress and Affect on Cortisol Diurnal Slope associations: A 14-Day Ecological Momentary Assessment Study

ObjectiveThis study examined whether resilience capacity moderates the impact of daily perceived stress and affect on cortisol diurnal slope among relocated emerging adults. MethodsRelocated undergraduates (N=98; aged 18-25 years) were recruited from three groups: Resilient, Vulnerable, and Control. Mixed-effects models were used to test the unique effects of perceived stress, negative affect, and positive affect x group interactions on diurnal cortisol slope across 14 consecutive days.ResultsThe Resilient group did not moderate the associations between daily stress or affect on cortisol diurnal slope. Instead, both the Resilient and Vulnerable groups with early family risk, showed a steeper diurnal slope unique to higher stress and a flatter slope unique to higher NA.ConclusionsResults suggest that an adverse early family life was significantly associated with altered cortisol diurnal slope outcomes to stress (i.e., demand) and negative affect (i.e., distress). These associations were not attenuated by current resilience capacity.

Perfil da população cadastrada em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde da Família: a importância da classificação de risco familiar

A Atenção Básica (AB) é considerada o primeiro nível de atenção em saúde e tem na Saúde da Família sua estratégia prioritária para expansão e consolidação. O objetivo do estudo foi descrever o perfil e a classificação de risco familiar dos usuários de uma Unidade Básica de Saúde da Família em Uberlândia, Minas Gerais. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, com dados coletados dos Sistemas de Informações, nos anos 2017 e 2018. Foram analisadas variáveis sociodemográficas, classificação dos grupos populacionais e risco familiar. Para a classificação de risco familiar foram considerados fatores socioeconômicos (grau de alfabetização do chefe da família, renda e abastecimento de água) e fatores clínicos (grau de risco dos seguintes grupos/condições: gestante, criança, hipertensão, diabetes, doença renal crônica ou outras condições crônicas de alto risco). Foram avaliados 1553 usuários, sendo 70,6% do sexo feminino. A faixa etária predominante foi entre 40 e 59 anos (33,23%) e a menos atendida foi a de adolescentes entre 14 e 17 anos (1,55%). Em relação à classificação de risco, observou-se maiores prevalências de hipertensão com médio risco, diabetes de alto risco e tuberculose de baixo risco. O estudo evidencia a importância do fortalecimento de políticas públicas, que visem à promoção e monitoramento das condições de saúde na AB. Palavras-chave: atenção básica, fator de risco, doença crônica. Abstract Primary Health Care (PHC) is considered the first level of health care and has in Family Health its priority strategy for expansion and consolidation. The objective of the study was to describe the profile and family risk classification of users of the Family Health Unit in Uberlândia, Minas Gerais. This is a cross-sectional study, with data collected from the municipality's Information Systems, during the years 2017 and 2018. Sociodemographic variables, classification of population groups and family risk were analyzed. For the classification of family risk, socioeconomic factors (degree of literacy of the head of the household, income and water supply) and clinical factors (degree of risk of the following groups/conditions: pregnant woman, child, hypertension, diabetes, chronic kidney disease or other high-risk conditions). A total of 1553 users were evaluated, 70.6% of whom were female. The predominant age group was that of adults between 40 and 59 years old (33.23%) and the least attended was that of adolescents between 14 and 17 years old (1.55%). Regarding the risk classification, there was a higher prevalence of medium-risk hypertension, high-risk diabetes and low-risk tuberculosis. The study highlights the importance of strengthening public policies, aimed at promoting and monitoring health conditions in PHC. Keywords: primary health care, risk factors, chronic disease.