scholarly journals Posttraining flavor exposure in hungry rats after simultaneous conditioning with a nutrient converts the CS into a conditioned inhibitor

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Garcia-Burgos ◽  
Felisa González
Keyword(s):  
Conditioned Inhibitor ◽  
Simultaneous Conditioning

Simultaneous conditioning in honeybees

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Batson ◽  
James S. Hoban ◽  
M. E. Bitterman
Keyword(s):  
Simultaneous Conditioning

Inhibitory Conditioning Resulting from a Reduction in the Magnitude of Reinforcement

1982 ◽  
Vol 34 (3b) ◽  
pp. 163-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Cotton ◽  
Glyn Goodall ◽  
N. J. Mackintosh
Keyword(s):  
Stimulus Control ◽  
Shock Intensity ◽  
Conditioned Suppression ◽  
Summation Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Conditioned Inhibitor ◽  
Inhibitory Conditioning ◽  
Experimental Subjects ◽  
The Difference

Five experiments, all employing conditioned suppression in rats, studied inhibitory conditioning to a stimulus signalling a reduction in shock intensity. Experimental subjects were conditioned to a tone signalling a 1·0 mA shock and to a tone-light compound signalling a 0·4 mA shock. On a summation test in which it alleviated the suppression maintained by a third stimulus also associated with the 1·0 mA shock, the light was established as a conditioned inhibitor. Retardation tests gave ambiguous results: the light was relatively slow to condition when paired, either alone or in conjunction with another stimulus, with the 0·4 mA shock, but the difference from a novel stimulus control group was not significant. Two final experiments found no evidence at all of inhibition on a summation test in which the light was presented in conjunction with a stimulus that had itself been associated with the 0·4 mA shock. The results of these experiments have implications for the question of what animals learn during the course of inhibitory conditioning.

scholarly journals Brief, But Not Prolonged, Pauses in the Firing of Midbrain Dopamine Neurons Are Sufficient to Produce a Conditioned Inhibitor

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (41) ◽  
pp. 8822-8830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun Yun Chang ◽  
Matthew P.H. Gardner ◽  
Jessica C. Conroy ◽  
Leslie R. Whitaker ◽  
Geoffrey Schoenbaum
Keyword(s):  
Dopamine Neurons ◽  
Conditioned Inhibitor ◽  
Midbrain Dopamine ◽  
Midbrain Dopamine Neurons

scholarly journals Assessing the inhibitory properties of a latent inhibitor in flavor-aversion learning

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Unai Liberal ◽  
Gabriel Rodríguez ◽  
Geoffrey Hall
Keyword(s):  
Latent Inhibition ◽  
Target Stimulus ◽  
Aversion Learning ◽  
Latent Inhibition Effect ◽  
Conditioned Inhibitor ◽  
Flavor Aversion ◽  
Inhibition Effect ◽  
Initial Expectation ◽  
Aversion Conditioning ◽  
Conditioned Flavor

AbstractIn Experiment 1, rats received 16 nonreinforced trials of exposure to a flavor (A) that was subsequently used as the conditioned stimulus in flavor-aversion conditioning. In the critical condition, Flavor A was presented in compound with a different novel flavor on each of the eight daily trials. This treatment produced latent inhibition, in that this preexposure retarded conditioning just as did 16 trials with A alone. Rats in the control conditions, given no preexposure or exposure just to the sequence of novel flavors, learned readily. Experiment 2 examined the effects of these forms of preexposure on performance on a summation test, in which Flavor A was presented in compound with a separately conditioned flavor (X). The preexposure procedure in which A was presented along with novel flavors rendered A effective in inhibiting the response conditioned to X on that test. The conclusion, that this form of training can establish the target stimulus as a conditioned inhibitor, is predicted by the account of latent inhibition put forward by Hall and Rodríguez (2010) which proposes that the latent inhibition effect is a consequence both of a reduction in the associability of the stimulus and of a process of inhibitory associative learning that opposes the initial expectation that a novel event will be followed by some consequence.

Simultaneous Conditioning

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Tobia ◽  
John A. Kennard ◽  
Diana S. Woodruff-Pak
Keyword(s):  
Simultaneous Conditioning

Simultaneous conditioning in honeybees (Apis mellifera).

1992 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Batson ◽  
James S. Hoban ◽  
M. E. Bitterman
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Simultaneous Conditioning

scholarly journals The influence of preparation methodology on the concentrations of heavy metals in Pleurozium schreberi moss samples prior to use in active biomonitoring studies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweł Świsłowski ◽  
Grzegorz Kosior ◽  
Małgorzata Rajfur
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Indicator Species ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Pleurozium Schreberi ◽  
Active Biomonitoring ◽  
Forested Areas ◽  
Simultaneous Conditioning

Abstract Active biomonitoring is used to assess environmental pollution of elements such as heavy metals by indicator species such as mosses. They are used, among others, in urbanized areas where no indicator species are found. In such study areas, mosses collected from sites considered to be ecologically clean shall be exposed. In this context, it is very important to prepare the mosses properly before the exposure, so that the information received about the condition of the environment is reliable. In 2018, studies were conducted in the forested areas of southern Poland—in Opolskie Province. Pleurozium schreberi mosses were used in these studies. Atomic absorption spectrometry with flame atomiser (F-AAS) was used to determine the concentrations of Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb present. The aim was to study the influence of preparation methodology on Pleurozium schreberi moss samples prior to use in active biomonitoring studies. Four different methodologies were tested across four different sample locations (with varying levels of pollution). The results of the research were analysed and the coefficient of variation (CV) was determined. The value of the CV is influenced, among other things, by the location of the particular sample and the level of pollution by, for example heavy metals, in the moss. The research conducted proves that of the four methods used to prepare mosses for later exposure in active biomonitoring, the best method is averaging with simultaneous conditioning of mosses in demineralised water. This treatment causes the CV coefficient to fall below 10% for most of the metals determined in the moss samples. It has also been shown that maintaining moss collection methodology in accordance with ICP Vegetation standards (open/wooded area—tree canopy) also has a significant impact on the result obtained. Statistical analysis confirmed (Wilcoxon test) that the method of processing the mosses significantly influenced the results obtained. Thanks to the appropriate preparation of the mosses before exposition, they can be used in active biomonitoring of, for example, urban areas.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document