Waves and Backwashes

2020 ◽  
pp. 45-54
Author(s):  
Édouard Glissant
Keyword(s):  
Kamau Brathwaite ◽  
System Versus

Quoting the Barbadian poet Kamau Brathwaite: ‘Unity is submarine’, Glissant describes how relations between Caribbean countries are not only overt but also hidden and subliminal. There is a section on naming: the complexity of names and nicknames in Martinique. He then argues that filiation is giving way to multinational markets. Then, in a good example of the positive value of repetition, he returns to the themes of the system versus the trace, the landscapes of the Americas, the importance of preserving all the world’s languages; and the relation between language and langage.

V.S. Naipaul, Caribbean Writing, and Caribbean Thought

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Development ◽  
Public Intellectual ◽  
Historical Narrative ◽  
Derek Walcott ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Kamau Brathwaite ◽  
Political Debates ◽  
History Of ◽  
Principal Subject ◽  
Intellectual Formation

This book presents a new portrait of V.S. Naipaul, one of the twentieth-century’s most controversial writers about colonialism and its aftermath, by looking at his relationship with the Caribbean, the region of his birth. It argues that whilst Naipaul presented himself as a global public intellectual—a citizen of nowhere—his writing and thought was shaped by his Caribbean intellectual formation, and his investment in Caribbean political debates. Focusing on three key forms of Caribbean writing—the novel, the historical narrative, and the travel narrative—it shows how the generic, stylistic, and formal choices of writers had great political significance. Telling the story of his creative and intellectual development at three crucial points in Naipaul’s career, it offers a new intellectual biography of its principal subject. By showing Naipaul’s crucial place in the history of Caribbean ideas, it also provides new perspectives on a number of major writers and thinkers from the region, including C.L.R. James, Eric Williams, Kamau Brathwaite, Sylvia Wynter, George Lamming, Derek Walcott, Maryse Condé, and David Scott.

Cortrak feeding tube placement: accuracy of the ‘GI flexure system’ versus manufacturer guidance

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (21) ◽  
pp. 1277-1281
Author(s):  
Stephen Taylor ◽  
Alex Manara ◽  
Jules Brown ◽  
Kaylee Sayer ◽  
Rowan Clemente ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Tube ◽  
Tube Placement ◽  
Gastric Body ◽  
Major Morbidity ◽  
System Versus ◽  
Placement Accuracy ◽  
Feeding Tube Placement ◽  
Left Quadrant

Electromagnetic (EM) guided enteral tube placement may reduce lung misplacement to almost zero in expert centres, but more than 60 undetected misplacements had occurred by 2016 resulting in major morbidity or death. Aim: Determine the accuracy of manufacturer guidance in trace interpretation against what is referred to as the ‘GI flexure system’. Methods: The authors prospectively observed the accuracy of the ‘GI flexure system’ of trace interpretation against manufacturer guidance in primary nasointestinal (NI) tube placements. Findings: Contrary to manufacturer guidance, 33% of traces deviated >5 cm from the sagittal midline and 26.5% were oesophageal when entering the lower left quadrant, incorrectly indicating lung and gastric placement, respectively. Conversely, the GI flexure system identified ≥99.4% of GI traces when they reached the gastric body flexure; 100% at the superior duodenal flexure. All lung misplacements were identified by the absence of GI flexures. Conclusion: Current manufacturer guidance should be updated to the GI flexure system of interpretation.

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