heavy menstrual bleeding
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2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliawati Muhammad ◽  
Yusnita Yusof ◽  
Imran Ahmad ◽  
Mohd Noor Norhayati

Abstract Background Elagolix is effective and safe for treating menorrhagia in women with uterine fibroid. However, it is reported to be associated with hypoestrogenism that can be alleviated by adding estradiol/norethindrone acetate. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the effectiveness of elagolix treatment in women with heavy menstrual bleeding associated with uterine fibroid by comparing: elagolix versus placebo and elagolix versus estradiol/norethindrone acetate. Methodology The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL 2021, Issue 3 of 12), MEDLINE databases (1980 to December week 1, 2020), and trial registries for relevant randomized clinical trials were used. All randomized clinical trials were reviewed and evaluated. Random effects models were used to estimate the dichotomous outcomes and mean differences with 95% confidence intervals. Data for risk of bias, heterogeneity, sensitivity, reporting bias and quality of evidence were assessed. Results Four randomized controlled trials with 1949 premenopausal women from 323 locations were included. Elagolix improved menstrual blood loss of less than 80 ml (RR 4.81, 95% CI 2.45 to 9.45; four trials, 869 participants; moderate quality evidence) or more than 50% reduction from baseline (RR 4.87, 95% CI 2.55 to 9.31; four trials, 869 participants; moderate quality evidence) compared to placebo. There was no difference in menstrual blood loss of less than 80 ml (RR 1.08, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.16; five trials, 1365 participants; moderate quality evidence) or more than 50% reduction from baseline between the elagolix (RR 1.08, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.15; five trials, 1365 participants; high quality evidence) and elagolix with estradiol/norethindrone acetate. In both comparisons, elagolix has reduced the mean percentage change in uterine and fibroid volume, improved symptoms, and health-related quality of life. More patients had hot flush, and bone mineral density loss in the elagolix treatment compared to both placebo and elagolix with estradiol/norethindrone acetate. Conclusions Elagolix appeared to be effective in reducing heavy menstrual bleeding caused by uterine fibroid and combination with estradiol/norethindrone acetate was able to alleviate the hypoestrogenism side effects in premenopausal women. Review registration PROSPERO CDR 42021233898.


2022 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria L. Stoffers ◽  
Angela C. Weyand ◽  
Elisabeth H. Quint ◽  
Monica W. Rosen

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 399-404
Author(s):  
Jennifer KY Ko ◽  
Terence T Lao ◽  
Vincent YT Cheung

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-64
Author(s):  
Essam Hadoura ◽  
Tahir Mahmood

Author(s):  
Pooja R. ◽  
Tushar Palve ◽  
Sneha Mutyapwar ◽  
Payal Saha

Background: Heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) is defined as excessive menstrual blood loss which interferes with a woman's physical, social, emotional and/or material quality of life. It can occur alone or in combination with other symptoms. Thyroid hormone affects menstrual pattern. The objective of this study was to evaluate thyroid function in women with menorrhagia (HMB).Methods: It is a type of journal article. Study design- retrospective study. The present study was conducted in the Department of obstetrics and Gynecology, cama and albess hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, from a period of January 2021 to July 2021, 51 women of reproductive age group between menarche-menopause with HMB. Quantitative determination of T3, T4 and TSH by CLIA estimated in autoanalyser.Results: About 51 women participated in the study in which most of the subjects belong to 45-49 years of age group. Maximum patients are multipara. Commonest cause of menorrhagia is fibroid. Most females with menorrhagia are euthyroid. Most of patients with HMB are O +ve. In most of the patients, anaemia due to HMB is treated by blood transfusion.Conclusions: Biochemical evaluation of thyroid function tests should be compulsory in all patients with menorrhagia to detect thyroid dysfunction. Most females with menorrhagia are euthyroid.


Author(s):  
Brooke Sadler ◽  
Charles Minard ◽  
Gabe Haller ◽  
Christina A Gurnett ◽  
Sarah H. O'Brien ◽  
...  

Adolescents with low von Willebrand factor (VWF) levels and heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) experience significant morbidity. There is a need to better genetically characterize these patients and improve our understanding of the pathophysiology of bleeding. We performed whole-exome sequencing on 86 post-menarchal patients diagnosed with low-VWF levels (30-50 IU/dL) and HMB and compared them to 660 in-house controls. We compared the number of rare stop-gain/stop-loss and rare ClinVar pathogenic variants between cases and controls, as well as performed gene-burden and gene-set burden analyses. We found an enrichment in cases of rare stop-gain/stop-loss variants in genes involved in bleeding disorders, and an enrichment of rare ClinVar pathogenic variants in genes involved in anemias. The two most significant genes in the gene-burden analysis, CFB and DNASE2, are associated with atypical hemolytic uremia (aHUS) and severe anemia, respectively. VWF also surpassed exome-wide significance in the gene-burden analysis (p=7.31x10-6). Gene-set burden analysis revealed an enrichment of rare nonsynonymous variants in cases in several hematologically relevant pathways. Further, common variants in FERMT2, a gene involved in regulation of hemostasis and angiogenesis surpassed genome-wide significance. We demonstrate that adolescents with HMB and low-VWF have an excess of rare nonsynonymous and pathogenic variants in genes involved in disorders of bleeding and anemia. Variants of variable penetrance in these genes may contribute to the spectrum of phenotypes observed in HMB patients, and could partially explain the bleeding phenotype. By identifying the HMB patients who possess these variants, we may be able to improve risk stratification and patient outcomes.


Blood ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 138 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 4230-4230
Author(s):  
Sanila Sarkar ◽  
Laura Benjamins ◽  
Sudad Kazzaz ◽  
Neethu M Menon

Abstract Introduction: Heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) is a type of abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) that affects 30% of women of reproductive age and up to 40% of adolescents. Furthermore, 10-40% of adolescents with HMB have an underlying inherited bleeding disorder like von Willebrand disease or platelet dysfunction, requiring management by pediatric hematologists. HMB has been described as more than 80 ml of blood loss during one cycle and clinically, it is defined by several parameters such as the length of each cycle, severity of soaking through pads or tampons, size of clots passed and pictorial blood loss assessment chart (PBAC) score. Studies in adult women show a significant impact of HMB on their psychosocial and financial health. However, little is known about the psychological effects of HMB in adolescent females. In the adolescent population, depression is twice as common in females as it is in males, likely due to a combination of biological and social differences. In this study, we examine the association between heavy menstrual bleeding and depressive symptoms in adolescent girls. Methods: We conducted a retrospective records review of adolescent females aged 10-21 years that were seen as new patients at the Adolescent Medicine and Young Women's Bleeding Disorders clinics at our institution between January 1, 2018 and March 31, 2020. Patients were included in the study if they had started menses, and had a doumented menstrual history as well as a completed Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), a validated screening tool for depression.Patients with a severe underlying chronic medical disorder (Including but not limited to end stage renal disease, Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis, Systemic Lupus Erythematosis, severe eating disorder, previously diagnosed bipolar disorder or psychotic disorders) were excluded. HMB was determined by either a PBAC score of >100 or the presence of two or more of the following criteria: Menses lasting >7days Soaking through pad or tampon <1hr Soaking through bed clothes or changing pads at night Passing large clots Low ferritin < 15ng/ml (indicative of low iron stores) Anemia with Hemoglobin < 12g/dl not due to any other cause (e.g. dietary, immunosuppression, medication induced) Depression was determined by a PHQ-9 score of 9 or greater. The two variables were dichotomized, and a chi-square test of independence was performed to test the association with a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: A total of 203 records were reviewed after meeting inclusion and exclusion criteria. The mean age was 15.94 years (median 16, mode 16) with a range of 12-20years. 42 girls (20.7%) had a PHQ-9 score of >9 and 52 (25.6%) had HMB. Eighteen of the 42 patients (42.8%) with elevated PHQ-9 score had HMB and 34/52 patients (65.3%) with HMB had an elevated PHQ-9 score. Pearson's chi-square test of independence showed a significant relation between HMB and PHQ-9 score of 9 or more with χ 2 (1, n=203) = 8.2618, p = 0.004. After the application of Yates correction, the result was still significant with χ 2 = 7.1603 and p = 0.007. Discussion and Conclusions: This study shows a significant association in the adolescent population between heavy menstrual bleeding and moderate or severe depression as defined by the presence of a PHQ-9 score of 9 or more. This retrospective analysis does not establish causation, but demonstrates a clinically noteworthy finding that has not been described before. The PHQ-9 is used widely across this population to screen for depression, but it is also important to screen young women aged 10-21years for HMB as a contributing factor to depression followed by timely and appropriate management of both problems. Additionally, it may be worthwhile to evaluate all young women with HMB through additional methods to diagnose depression as this patient population appears to be at higher risk. Future prospective studies are needed to better characterize this association. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


Blood ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 138 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 3170-3170
Author(s):  
Benjamin Elstrott ◽  
Hari H.S. Lakshmanan ◽  
Hannah Stowe McMurry ◽  
Malinda T West ◽  
Sven Reid Olson ◽  
...  

Abstract Background: Iron deficiency, heavy menstrual bleeding, and anemia are interrelated conditions with high prevalence in women's health. Together, they impact an estimated 310 million premenopausal women worldwide. Iron deficiency has been associated with development of anemia as well as thrombocytosis. However, the effects of iron deficiency on platelet function remain unknown. Objective: We set out to investigate the impact of IV iron repletion on platelet function, platelet count, and other blood cell indices in iron deficient premenopausal women. Methods: We conducted a prospective single-center study of iron deficient premenopausal women who underwent iron repletion with a single dose of 1000 mg of low molecular weight iron. Pre-infusion and post-infusion blood samples were obtained for laboratory analysis. Standard of care monitoring of iron indices and complete blood counts were also included in the analysis. Pre-infusion rates of anemia and thrombocytosis were calculated using minimum hemoglobin and peak platelet count in the 6 months preceding iron infusion. Platelet function was quantified by Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting (FACS) quantification of platelet activation marker antibodies for GPIIb/IIIa (PAC1) and P-selectin (CD62P) after exposure to multiple platelet agonists. Platelet aggregation was assessed by flow of anticoagulated whole blood at a shear rate of 300 s -1 for 5 minutes through chambers coated with type I collagen, imaged with differential interference contrast optics, and quantitatively represented through computation of percent total surface coverage. Pre-infusion and post-infusion cell indices and aggregation data were compared by paired samples t-test. All statistical analyses were performed in GraphPad Prism (Version 8.0.0). Results: Thirteen patients were included in the analysis. Heavy menstrual bleeding was the suspected cause of iron deficiency in 83% of patients. Thrombocytosis was present in 15% of patients at pre-infusion and no patients at post-infusion. Average ferritin was 14 µg/L at pre-infusion and 126 µg/L at post-infusion. The peak platelet count within 6 months pre-infusion was 309 K/mm 3 (±89) vs. 274 (±64) K/mm 3 at post-infusion (p<0.05). The average change to 6-month pre-infusion peak and post-infusion platelet count was -35.2 K/mm 3 (95%CI: -66.2, -5.23). The mean 6-month minimum hemoglobin was 11.9 (±1.9) g/dL vs. 13.3 (±1.1) g/dL at post-infusion (p<0.005). Acquisition of FACS platelet reactivity data are ongoing, with preliminary results for the first 7 consecutively enrolled study patients displayed in Figure 1. Platelet aggregation measured at pre-infusion showed 14% surface coverage, with a significant increase to 29% at post-infusion (p < 0.05). None of the 13 women experienced a thrombotic event during the study period. Conclusion: Correction of iron deficiency results in decreased platelet count and improves platelet aggregation over collagen. Iron repletion may also improve platelet reactivity in response to physiologic agonists. These findings may suggest that iron deficiency impairs hemostasis and that correction of low iron may be even more critical for women with heavy menstrual bleeding. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures Shatzel: Aronora Inc,: Consultancy.


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