The effect of chemotherapy on status of estrogen receptors in primary tumors and lymph node metastases of human ductal breast cancer

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). Between the breast and the brain reside the secondary lymphoid organ, the lymph nodes. We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes for the discovery of genes associated with metastasis to the lymph nodes in humans with metastatic breast cancer. We found that collagen type XVI alpha 1 chain, COL16A1, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the lymph node metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer as compared to primary tumors of the breast. COL16A1 mRNA was present at decreased quantities in lymph node metastases as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Importantly, expression of COL16A1 in primary tumors of the breast was correlated with patient overall survival, in lymph node negative patients but not in lymph node positive patients. Modulation of COL16A1 expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the lymph nodes and the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer.

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COL6A1 is differentially expressed in lymph node metastasis in human breast cancer.

10.31219/osf.io/krvcj ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shahan Mamoor

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Metastatic Breast Cancer ◽

Lymph Node ◽

Lymph Nodes ◽

Lymph Node Metastases ◽

Metastatic Breast ◽

Lymphoid Organ ◽

Primary Tumors ◽

Node Metastases ◽

The Brain

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). Between the breast and the brain reside the secondary lymphoid organ, the lymph nodes. We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes for the discovery of genes associated with metastasis to the lymph nodes in humans with metastatic breast cancer. We found that collagen type VI alpha 1 chain, COL6A1, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the lymph node metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer as compared to primary tumors of the breast. COL6A1 mRNA was present at decreased quantities in lymph node metastases as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Importantly, expression of COL6A1 in primary tumors of the breast was correlated with patient post-progression survival, in lymph node negative patients but not in lymph node positive patients. Modulation of COL6A1 expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the lymph nodes and the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer.

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TSHZ3 is differentially expressed in lymph node metastasis in human breast cancer.

10.31219/osf.io/kxjqn ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shahan Mamoor

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Metastatic Breast Cancer ◽

Lymph Node ◽

Lymph Nodes ◽

Lymph Node Metastases ◽

Metastatic Breast ◽

Differentially Expressed ◽

Primary Tumors ◽

Node Metastases ◽

The Brain

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). Between the breast and the brain reside the secondary lymphoid organ, the lymph nodes. We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes for the discovery of genes associated with metastasis to the lymph nodes in humans with metastatic breast cancer. We found that teashirt zinc finger homeobox 3, TSHZ3, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the lymph node metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Analysis of a separate microarray dataset revealed that TSHZ3 was also differentially expressed in brain metastatic tissues. TSHZ3 mRNA was present at decreased quantities in lymph node metastases as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Importantly, expression of TSHZ3 in primary tumors of the breast was correlated with patient post-progression survival, in lymph node positive patients but not in lymph node negative patients. Modulation of TSHZ3 expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the lymph nodes and the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer.

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TMEM98 is differentially expressed in lymph node metastasis in human breast cancer.

10.31219/osf.io/hpjc8 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shahan Mamoor

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Metastatic Breast Cancer ◽

Lymph Node ◽

Lymph Nodes ◽

Lymph Node Metastases ◽

Metastatic Breast ◽

Differentially Expressed ◽

Primary Tumors ◽

Node Metastases ◽

The Brain

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). Between the breast and the brain reside the secondary lymphoid organ, the lymph nodes. We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes for the discovery of genes associated with metastasis to the lymph nodes in humans with metastatic breast cancer. We found that transmembrane protein 98, TMEM98, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the lymph node metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Analysis of a separate microarray dataset revealed that TMEM98 was also differentially expressed in brain metastatic tissues. TMEM98 mRNA was present at decreased quantities in lymph node metastases as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Importantly, expression of TMEM98 in primary tumors of the breast was correlated with patient overall survival, in lymph node positive patients but not in lymph node negative patients. Modulation of TMEM98 expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the lymph nodes and the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer.

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CD69 is differentially expressed in the lymph nodes of patients with metastatic breast cancer.

10.31219/osf.io/utpcq ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shahan Mamoor

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Metastatic Breast Cancer ◽

Lymph Node ◽

Lymph Nodes ◽

Lymph Node Metastases ◽

Metastatic Breast ◽

Differentially Expressed ◽

Primary Tumors ◽

Node Metastases ◽

The Brain

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). Between the breast and the brain reside the secondary lymphoid organ, the lymph nodes. We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes for the discovery of genes associated with metastasis to the lymph nodes in humans with metastatic breast cancer. We found that cluster of differentiation 69, CD69, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the lymph node metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Analysis of a separate microarray dataset revealed that CD69 was also differentially expressed in brain metastatic tissues. CD69 mRNA was present at increased quantities in lymph node metastases as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Importantly, expression of CD69 in primary tumors of the breast was correlated with patient overall survival, more significantly in lymph node negative patients than in lymph node positive patients. Modulation of CD69 expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the lymph nodes and the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer.

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DIAPH2 is a differentially expressed gene in human metastatic breast cancer, in the brain and in the lymph nodes.

10.31219/osf.io/8hraz ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shahan Mamoor

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Metastatic Breast Cancer ◽

Lymph Node ◽

Lymph Nodes ◽

Lymph Node Metastases ◽

Differentially Expressed Gene ◽

Metastatic Breast ◽

Primary Tumors ◽

Node Metastases ◽

The Brain

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes for the discovery of genes associated with brain metastasis in humans with metastatic breast cancer. We found that diaphanous homolog 2, encoded by DIAPH2, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the brain and lymph node metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer. DIAPH2 mRNA was present at decreased quantities in brain metastatic tissues as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Importantly, expression of DIAPH2 in primary tumors was significantly correlated with patient recurrence-free survival in patients with breast cancer. Modulation of DIAPH2 expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the brain while evading immune clearance in the lymph nodes in humans with metastatic breast cancer. These data are one piece of evidence suggesting a common ancestor or tumor clone for brain and lymph node metastases that originate from the primary tumor, alluding to patterns in developmental origin and migratory pathways through the lymph node in human brain metastatic breast cancer.

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EVC is differentially expressed in lymph node metastasis in human breast cancer.

10.31219/osf.io/twb9n ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shahan Mamoor

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Metastatic Breast Cancer ◽

Lymph Node ◽

Lymph Nodes ◽

Lymph Node Metastases ◽

Metastatic Breast ◽

Lymphoid Organ ◽

Primary Tumors ◽

Node Metastases ◽

The Brain

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). Between the breast and the brain reside the secondary lymphoid organ, the lymph nodes. We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes for the discovery of genes associated with metastasis to the lymph nodes in humans with metastatic breast cancer. We found that EvC ciliary complex subunit 1, EVC, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the lymph node metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer as compared to primary tumors of the breast. EVC mRNA was present at decreased quantities in lymph node metastases as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Importantly, expression of EVC in primary tumors of the breast was correlated with patient overall survival, in lymph node positive patients but not in lymph node negative patients. Modulation of EVC expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the lymph nodes and the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer.

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NCR1 (CD335/NKp46) is differentially expressed in the lymph nodes of patients with metastatic breast cancer.

10.31219/osf.io/bhfsx ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shahan Mamoor

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Metastatic Breast Cancer ◽

Lymph Node ◽

Lymph Nodes ◽

Lymph Node Metastases ◽

Metastatic Breast ◽

Lymphoid Organ ◽

Primary Tumors ◽

Node Metastases ◽

The Brain

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). Between the breast and the brain reside the secondary lymphoid organ, the lymph nodes. We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes for the discovery of genes associated with metastasis to the lymph nodes in humans with metastatic breast cancer. We found that natural cytotoxicity triggering receptor 1, NCR1, also known as CD335 or NKp46,was among the genes whose expression was most different in the lymph node metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer as compared to primary tumors of the breast. NCR1 mRNA was present at increased quantities in lymph node metastases as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Importantly, expression of NCR1 in primary tumors of the breast was correlated with patient recurrence-free survival, more significantly in lymph node negative patients than in lymph node positive patients. Modulation of NCR1 expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the lymph nodes and the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer.

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ZFHX2 is a differentially expressed gene in human metastatic breast cancer, in the brain and in the lymph nodes.

10.31219/osf.io/awyj6 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shahan Mamoor

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Metastatic Breast Cancer ◽

Lymph Node ◽

Lymph Nodes ◽

Zinc Finger ◽

Lymph Node Metastases ◽

Metastatic Breast ◽

Primary Tumors ◽

Node Metastases ◽

The Brain

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes for the discovery of genes associated with brain metastasis in humans with metastatic breast cancer. We found that the zinc finger homeobox 2, encoded by ZFHX2, also known as zinc finger protein 409 (ZNF409) was among the genes whose expression was most different in the brain and lymph node metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer. ZFHX2 mRNA was present at increased quantities in brain metastatic tissues as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Importantly, expression of ZFHX2 in primary tumors was significantly correlated with patient overall survival in patients with breast cancer. Modulation of ZFHX2 expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the brain while evading immune clearance in the lymph nodes in humans with metastatic breast cancer. These data are one piece of evidence suggesting a common ancestor or tumor clone for brain and lymph node metastases that originate from the primary tumor, alluding to patterns in developmental origin and migratory pathways through the lymph node in human brain metastatic breast cancer.

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