scholarly journals Phylogeography of the Central american red brocket deer, Mazama temama (Artiodactyla, Cervidae) in southeastern Mexico

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 369-382
Author(s):  
Ricardo Serna-Lagunes ◽  
Dayana Kristel Romero-Ramos ◽  
Christian Alejandro Delfín-Alfonso ◽  
Juan Salazar-Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
Multidimensional Scaling ◽  
Mismatch Distribution ◽  
Haplotype Network ◽  
Phylogeographic Structure ◽  
Scaling Analysis ◽  
Evolutionary Divergence ◽  
Multidimensional Scaling Analysis ◽  
Loop Region ◽  
D Loop ◽  
Tajima’S D

Anthropogenic threats have increasingly isolated the populations of Mazama temama (Erxleben, 1777) and limited the gene flow in this species. Knowledge of the phylogeographic structure of this species is therefore essential for its conservation. Thus, in this study, we describe the phylogeographic structure of two M. temama populations of Veracruz and Oaxaca, Mexico. We sequenced the D-Loop region of the mitochondrial DNA of 16 individuals, in order to estimate the diversity and genetic differentiation (FST), Tajima’s D index, "Mismatch distribution" test; a phylogram and a haplotype network was constructed and we performed multidimensional scaling analysis to test the hypothesis of association between geographic distance and genetic diversity. The haplotypic and nucleotide diversity was high, indicating divergent populations (FST = 0.223), while the Tajima’s D index (-1,03300; P > 0.10) determined disequilibrium in the D-Loop region, derived from a population expansion that was evidenced in the "Mismatch distribution" test and confirmed with the haplotype network in the form of a star. Four lineages were identified in the phylogram (Veracruz n = 3, Oaxaca n = 1), evidencing geographic and reproductive isolation between the two populations. This was confirmed by the multidimensional scaling analysis, which evidenced recent evolutionary divergence between the populations analyzed, which are considered evolutionary units of conservation.

scholarly journals Phylogeographic Structure of Freshwater Tor sp. in River Basins of Sabah, Malaysia

Fishes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Helena Biun ◽  
Ahemad Sade ◽  
Rolando Robert ◽  
Kenneth Francis Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Haplotype Network ◽  
Phylogeographic Structure ◽  
Loop Region ◽  
Mtdna Sequence ◽  
Population Structuring ◽  
D Loop ◽  
Main Barrier

We characterized the genetic diversity, phylogeography, and demography of Tor sp. (Cyprinidae) from Sabah, Malaysian Borneo, by examining nucleotide variation in the D-loop region of the mtDNA. Sequence analysis of 18 populations (N = 173) yielded 35 unique mtDNA haplotypes with mean haplotype and nucleotide diversity of 0.833 and 0.023, respectively. Phylogenetic reconstructions using Bayesian, neighbor-joining, and maximum parsimony methods, as well as haplotype network, revealed four well-defined clades, namely, the eastern, central, northwestern, and southwestern clades, which corresponded to evolutionarily significant units (ESUs). These ESUs were estimated to have become separated since the late Miocene to Pliocene era (between 5 and 1 million years ago), with the central highlands of Sabah Crocker Trusmadi Range (CTR) constituting the main barrier to genetic exchange between clades. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) and pairwise genetic differentiation showed significant population structuring (Φct = 0.575–1.000, p < 0.05). We further identified eight major groups of river systems harboring reproductively isolated Tor subpopulations. Neutrality statistics and Bayesian skyline plots (BSP) suggested constant population size over time for most Tor populations. Tor sp. in Sabah is comprised of four ESUs (eastern, central, northwestern, and southwestern ESUs), and that each ESU can be compartmentalized into 1–4 MUs. Due to isolation by distance, the highest number of MU occurs in the low-elevation drainages of Eastern Sabah, which is the largest in terms of land area. The evidence provided by this study supports the hypothesis that the four ESU represent genetically distinct subpopulations of Tor and highlight the urgent need for the in situ conservation of these subpopulations.

The Reasons People Give for Taking Overdoses

1976 ◽  
Vol 128 (6) ◽  
pp. 538-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. J. Bancroft ◽  
A. M. Skrimshire ◽  
S. Simkin
Keyword(s):  
Multidimensional Scaling ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Social Acceptability ◽  
Scaling Analysis ◽  
Multidimensional Scaling Analysis ◽  
Suicidal Intent ◽  
After Care ◽  
State Of Mind ◽  
Seeking Help ◽  
Do So

SummaryThis study investigates the reasons people give for taking overdoses of drugs. A representative sample of 128 subjects were interviewed immediately after their recovery from an overdose. During the interview they were given alternative reasons for taking overdoses and asked to choose any that applied to them. Spontaneous comments about suicidal intent were also recorded. Of the subjects, 44 per cent indicated that they had wanted to die. On the basis of their choices 33 per cent were ‘seeking help’, 42 per cent ‘escaping from the situation’, 52 per cent ‘obtaining relief from a terrible state of mind’ and 19 per cent ‘trying to influence someone’. The association between these various reasons and other expected effects or feelings associated with the act were examined by means of multidimensional scaling analysis. In addition, the characteristics of those expressing suicidal intent and other reasons were studied, together with such consequences as toxic effects and psychiatric after-care. The possibility is discussed that a large proportion of those indicating suicidal intent do so either to gain social acceptability for their act or to influence helping agencies.

scholarly journals Tingkat keberlanjutan terhadap aspek pengelolaan sumur tua secara tradisional di Bojonegoro Jawa Timur

Jurnal Zona ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Ahmad Kurnain ◽  
Yusni Ikhwan Siregar ◽  
Sri Indarti ◽  
Suwondo Suwondo
Keyword(s):  
Multidimensional Scaling ◽  
Oil Wells ◽  
One Dimension ◽  
Scaling Analysis ◽  
Multidimensional Scaling Analysis ◽  
Sustainability Index ◽  
Opening Method

This study aims to determine the sustainability status of the Re-Opening Oil Wells of Bojonegoro Regency, East Java, Indonesia. The method used in this research is Multidimensional Scaling analysis which is implemented using Rap-Re-Opening Oil Wells software. Existing status of Wells Bojonegoro Re-Opening Oil Sustainability Less Sustainable with the weighting value of each dimension is 34.56%, 39.73%, 45.25%, 37.90%, 57.00%. The strategy to increase the addition of status values from the 5 dimensions of the Sustainability Index, evaluated only one dimension that is sustainable with a fairly good status. The results obtained from the improvement scenario obtained by the respective percentage figures as follows; Ecology 41.44%, Economics 61.62%, Social and Culture 45.25%, Technology 42.02%, Institutional 61, 29%. Thus the strategy to increase sustainable status can be improved by the Oil Wells Rap-Re-Opening Method.

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