scholarly journals Molecular phylogenetic study of the tribe Tropidieae (Orchidaceae, Epidendroideae) with taxonomic and evolutionary implications

PhytoKeys ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 140 ◽  
pp. 11-22
Author(s):  
Izai A. B. Sabino Kikuchi ◽  
Paul J. A. Keβler ◽  
André Schuiteman ◽  
Jin Murata ◽  
Tetsuo Ohi-Toma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Nuclear Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
High Support ◽  
Photosynthetic Ability

The orchid tribe Tropidieae comprises three genera, Tropidia, Corymborkis and Kalimantanorchis. There are three fully mycoheterotrophic species within Tropidieae: Tropidia saprophytica, T. connata and Kalimantanorchis nagamasui. A previous phylogenetic study of K. nagamasui, based only on plastid matK data, placed K. nagamasui outside the clade of Tropidia and Corymborkis without support. In this study, we performed phylogenetic analyses using a nuclear ribosomal DNA spacer (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2), a low-copy nuclear coding gene (Xdh) and a mitochondrial intron (nad1b-c intron) to study the phylogenetic relationships within Tropidieae. We included six photosynthetic and all three fully mycoheterotrophic Tropidieae species. The resulting phylogenetic trees placed these fully mycoheterotrophic species inside the Tropidia clade with high support. In our trees, these three species do not form a monophyletic group together, because the photosynthetic T. graminea is nested amongst them. Our results also suggest that the loss of photosynthetic ability occurred at least twice in Tropidia.

scholarly journals Molecular phylogenetic analyses of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA indicate monophyly of the genus Phytolacca L. (Phytolaccaceae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ajmal Ali ◽  
Joongku Lee ◽  
Soo-Yong Kim ◽  
Sang-Hong Park ◽  
Fahad M.A. Al-Hemaid
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Its Sequences ◽  
Nuclear Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
The Family ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Plant Taxon

Relationships within the family Phytolaccaceae sensu lato were examined based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA). The study revealed Phytolacca L. as taxonomically the most difficult genus in the family with completely unknown phylogeny. Molecular evidence was used from nrDNA ITS sequences of about 90% of the species for maximum parsimony analyses, and the molecular phylogenetic analyses defined a monophyletic Phytolacca. This first molecular phylogenetic study of Phytolacca concludes that the relationships among the species within the genus do not show harmony with the generic classification based on morphology. These results set the stage for a more detailed phylogenetic analysis of Phytolacca.Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 22(1): 1­–8, 2015 (June)

Description of Ditylenchus acantholimonis n. sp. (Rhabditida: Anguinidae) from Iran, a morphological and molecular phylogenetic study

Nematology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Samira Aliverdi ◽  
Ebrahim Pourjam ◽  
Majid Pedram
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Pharyngeal Bulb ◽  
Lateral Field ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Golestan Province ◽  
Tail Tip

Summary Ditylenchus acantholimonis n. sp. is described based on morphological, morphometric and molecular characters. It was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of Acantholimon sp. in Golestan province, Iran, and is mainly characterised by having four lines in the lateral field, a pyriform to bottle-shaped offset pharyngeal bulb, post-vulval uterine sac 36.6-56.1% of the vulva to anus distance long, and a subcylindrical to conical tail with widely rounded tip. It is further characterised by short to medium-sized females, 480-617 μm long, with a fine stylet having small rounded knobs, V = 80.8-83.6, c = 11.0-13.8, c′ = 3.3-4.6, and males with 16.0-17.0 μm long spicules. The new species was morphologically compared with six species having four lines in their lateral field, rounded tail tip and comparable morphometric data namely: D. dipsacoideus, D. emus, D. exilis, D. paraparvus, D. sturhani, and D. solani. It was also compared with two species, D. ferepolitor and D. angustus, forming a maximally supported clade in the 18S tree. The phylogenetic analyses using the maximal number of Anguinidae and several Sphaerularioidea genera based upon partial 18S and 28S rDNA D2-D3 sequences revealed that Ditylenchus is polyphyletic. In the 18S tree, the new species formed a clade with D. ferepolitor (KJ636374) and D. angustus (AJ966483); in the 28S tree it formed a poorly supported clade with D. phyllobios (KT192618) and Ditylenchus sp. (MG865719).

scholarly journals Death of an order: a comprehensive molecular phylogenetic study confirms that termites are eusocial cockroaches

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daegan Inward ◽  
George Beccaloni ◽  
Paul Eggleton
Keyword(s):  
Social Insects ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Social Wasps ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Social Bees ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
The Tropics

Termites are instantly recognizable mound-builders and house-eaters: their complex social lifestyles have made them incredibly successful throughout the tropics. Although known as ‘white ants’, they are not ants and their relationships with other insects remain unclear. Our molecular phylogenetic analyses, the most comprehensive yet attempted, show that termites are social cockroaches, no longer meriting being classified as a separate order (Isoptera) from the cockroaches (Blattodea). Instead, we propose that they should be treated as a family (Termitidae) of cockroaches. It is surprising to find that a group of wood-feeding cockroaches has evolved full sociality, as other ecologically dominant fully social insects (e.g. ants, social bees and social wasps) have evolved from solitary predatory wasps.

A molecular phylogenetic study of two relict species of melanopline grasshoppers

Genome ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Chapco ◽  
G Litzenberger
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Clock ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Melanoplus Sanguinipes ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Relict Species ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Mitochondrial Sequences ◽  
The Times

Two species belonging to the large grasshopper genus Melanoplus, Melanoplus gaspesiensis and Melanoplus madeleineae, are thought to have survived in refugia in eastern Canada during the Wisconsin glaciation period and perhaps during earlier glacial episodes as well. It has been proposed that either Melanoplus borealis, which is widely distributed today, or its antecedent gave rise to the two relict species. Our research, based on standard phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial sequences, examines this claim by establishing the positions of M. gaspesiensis and M. madeleineae within Melanoplus. There is a very close and strongly supported connection between M. madeleineae and M. borealis (d = 1.36%), whereas M. gaspesiensis is more distant from the latter (d = 2.08%) and appears closely aligned with two other species. Molecular clock estimates of the times of separation of M. madeleineae and M. gaspesiensis from M. borealis are 0.68 and 1.04 million years ago, respectively. Within-species diversities of 1.01 and 0.70% for M. madeleineae and M. gaspesiensis, respectively, are of comparable magnitudes to that of the continentally distributed Melanoplus sanguinipes (0.86%), clearly indicating that neither species endured bottleneck effects despite isolation.Key words: grasshopper, Melanoplus, relict species, mtDNA.

A molecular phylogenetic study of Hylopetes (Rodentia: Sciuridae) inferred from mitochondrial cytochrome-b gene

Biologia ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farong Yu ◽  
Xiuzhen Lian ◽  
Zuoping Li ◽  
Mingren Xie
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome B ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Cytochrome B Gene ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome B ◽  
Distinct Genus ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Close Genetic Relationship ◽  
Tectonic Movements

AbstractTo elucidate the phylogenetic relationships of Hylopetes, the complete cytochrome-b gene sequences (1,140 bp) were determined from degraded museum specimens for phylogenetic study. The large genetic differences (18.1% to 20.7%) separate Eoglaucomys from Hylopetes as a distinct genus. Phylogenetic relationships reconstructed with maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian methods show that all Hylopetes were genetically clustered as two major groups, the Indochinese Hylopetes group including H. alboniger and H. phayrei, and the Sundaic group consisting of H. lepidus, H. nigripes, and H. spadiceus. The close genetic relationship and the recent divergence suggest that the Indochinese group rapidly extended to their present distributions with the uplifting of the Himalayas last few million years ago, whereas the oceanic tectonic movements during the Pliocene-Pleistocene resulted in the current geographical distributions of the Sundaic group through alteration of dispersal across the islands of the Sunda Shelf.

scholarly journals High species diversity of the soft coral family Xeniidae (Octocorallia, Alcyonacea) in the temperate region of Japan revealed by morphological and molecular analyses

ZooKeys ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 862 ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuki Koido ◽  
Yukimitsu Imahara ◽  
Hironobu Fukami
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Soft Coral ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Temperate Region ◽  
High Species Diversity ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Traditional Taxonomy

The soft coral family Xeniidae, commonly found in tropical and subtropical regions, consists of 20 genera and 162 species. To date, few studies on this family have been conducted in Japan, especially at higher latitudes. Although molecular phylogenetic analyses have recently been used to distinguish soft coral species, it is difficult to identify species and genera in this family due to the limited taxonomic indices and high morphological variation. In this study, we found a large Xeniidae community off the coast of Oshima Island (31°31.35'N, 131°24.27'E) at Miyazaki, Kyushu Island, located in the temperate region of Japan. The species composition and molecular phylogenetic relationships were investigated to uncover the species diversity of Xeniidae in this community. A total of 182 xeniid specimens were collected and identified to the species level, after which the samples were molecularly analyzed using a mitochondrial marker (ND2) and a nuclear marker (ITS) to infer the phylogenetic relationships. A total of 14 xeniid species were identified, including five undescribed species from five genera (Anthelia, Heteroxenia, Sympodium, Xenia, and Yamazatum). Miyazaki was identified as having the highest xeniid species diversity in Japan. The molecular phylogenetic trees inferred from each marker recovered very similar topologies: four genera (Anthelia, Heteroxenia, Sympodium, and Yamazatum) were monophyletic, whereas one (Xenia) was polyphyletic. Thus, except for Xenia, the morphological characteristics used for traditional taxonomy well reflected the phylogeny of the Xeniidae at the genus level. On the other hand, our results show that further taxonomic revisions of Xenia are needed.

Russula darjeelingensis, a new species from Eastern Himalaya, India

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 358 (1) ◽  
pp. 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
SOUMITRA PALOI ◽  
KANAD DAS ◽  
KRISHNENDU ACHARYA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Nuclear Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Eastern Himalaya ◽  
Morphological Description ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Sequences ◽  
A New Species

Russula darjeelingensis is characterized by its small sized white pileus with a tall and narrow stipe, white spore print, basidiospores with amyloid suprahilar spot and a pileipellis containing encrusted pileocystidia and absence of primordial hyphae. The combination of all these characters and molecular phylogenetic analyses of internal transcribed spacer sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA confirmed it as a new species in genus Russula Pers., subg. Russula Romagn. emend. sect. Polychromae (Maire) Sarnari subsect. Paraintegrinae Sarnari. A comprehensive morphological description, illustrations, and comparisons with morphologically similar and phylogenetically related species are provided in the present study.

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