scholarly journals Nash and social welfare impact in an international trade model

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filipe Martins ◽  
◽  
Alberto A. Pinto ◽  
Jorge Passamani Zubelli ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Welfare Impact ◽  
Trade Model

scholarly journals International Trade and Human Capital Investment with Heterogeneous Firms and Workers: Modeling and Analysis

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1106
Author(s):  
Jaewon Jung
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Organizational Behavior ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Investment Decision ◽  
Heterogeneous Firms ◽  
Modeling And Analysis ◽  
Trade Model

Though the importance of organizational behavior and human decision processes within firms for the firm performance has largely been recognized in the business and management literature, much less attention has been devoted to studying such implications in the international trade context. This paper develops a general-equilibrium trade model in which heterogeneous workers make an investment decision in acquiring advanced managerial skills and choose their optimal effort level based on their comparative advantage. In doing so, we show how globalization-induced human capital accumulation within firms leads to sustainable economic growth. We also show that workers’ organizational belief and CEO’s managerial vision may be an important element for the human capital formation within firms and for the performance of firms in a global economy.

Does Vertical Separation Necessarily Reduce Quality Discrimination and Increase Welfare?

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Duarte Brito ◽  
Pedro Pereira ◽  
João Vareda
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Vertical Separation ◽  
Double Marginalization ◽  
Welfare Impact ◽  
Quality Degradation ◽  
Degradation Effect

Abstract We investigate whether vertical separation reduces quality discrimination and increases welfare. Consider an industry consisting of a vertically integrated firm, the incumbent, and an independent retailer, the entrant, which requires access to the services of the incumbent's wholesaler. The wholesaler can discriminate against either of the retailers by supplying it an input of lower quality than its rival. We show that, in our setting, vertical separation of the incumbent reduces discrimination against the entrant's retailer, although it does not guarantee non-discrimination. Furthermore, with vertical separation, the wholesaler may discriminate against the incumbent's retailer. Vertical separation impacts social welfare through two effects. First, through the double-marginalization effect, which is negative. Second, through the quality degradation effect, which can be positive or negative. Hence, the net welfare impact of vertical separation is negative or potentially ambiguous.

scholarly journals Social welfare impact from enhanced Trans-Asian electricity trade

Energy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 215 ◽  
pp. 119106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arturs Purvins ◽  
Hana Gerbelova ◽  
Luigi Sereno ◽  
Philip Minnebo
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Welfare Impact ◽  
Electricity Trade

Research on Trade Model of Transaction Costs Based on Ecommerce

2010 ◽  
Vol 26-28 ◽  
pp. 218-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Xue Yang
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Transaction Cost ◽  
The Other ◽  
Trade Barriers ◽  
Information Costs ◽  
Trade Model ◽  
Fast Development ◽  
Enforcement Costs ◽  
To Come ◽  
Acceptable Agreement

Transaction cost is one of these costs, but mostly mentioned with trade barriers. The trade barrier, also called tariff barracks or non- tariff barracks, focus on the problems that affect transactions in international trade. Transaction cost in economics can be defined as a cost incurred in making an economic exchange. There are a number of kinds of transaction cost have been researched by economists, “search and information costs” (such as those incurred in determining that the required good is available on the market, who has the lowest price.), “Bargaining costs” (the costs required to come to an acceptable agreement with the other party to the transaction, drawing up an appropriate contract and so on.), “Policing and enforcement costs” (the costs of making sure the other party sticks to the terms of the contract, and taking appropriate action if this turns out not to be the case.). Along with the fast development of e-commerce, a new kind of trade barriers, which is called e-commerce barrier, based on information technology appears quietly, in recent years. Though the emergence of this barracks does not been focused by world, it has profoundly affected international trade already.

The social welfare impact of privatisation in sub‐Saharan Africa: A discussion

2000 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-149
Author(s):  
Charles C. Okeahalam ◽  
Royson M. Mukwena
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Welfare Impact ◽  
The Social ◽  
Sub Saharan

scholarly journals Pengaruh globalisasi terhadap ketahanan pangan nasional

Agro Ekonomi ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Sri Widodo
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Trade Policy ◽  
Consumer Surplus ◽  
Price Policy ◽  
Domestic Price ◽  
International Trade Policy ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Impact

The problem on food security in Indonesia began to be interested since the economic crisis as one component of the social security net. Sustainable food security covers: availability of food, accessibility, utilization, stability, self reliance (autonomy) and sustainability. . Hirarchically food security can be at global order, regional, national, local, household and individual. The higher order offbod security is a necessary condition but not sufficient condition for the lower order.Economic theory indicate that there are gains to be made from free trade. increase the efficiency ufresource allocation, and increase welfare of all countries. However, all government, without exception, intervene to varying degrees in the working of natural market prces, with the reason the need to protect infant industry, to ensure food security, to redistribute income, and to enhance income of small producers.The liberalization initiatives culminated in UR agreement and WTO, among others, dismantling of quantitative restriction and subsidies as well as other nontariff barriers, but there were several new thing of antidumping tariff, sanitary and phytosanitary, technical barrier to trade,environment, and genetically modified organism.The impact of trade liberalization on exporter countries, in general, would benefit the producers, decrease the consumer surplus, and increase social welfare except large populated as India and China. The impact of importer countries depend on the policy of each country. Malaysia and Indonesia by decreasing import tariff policy would increase consumer surplus and social welfare but sacrificing the producers/farmers.National food policies consist of international trade policy domestic price policy, and policy on production efficiency. The international trade policy means to protect producers, consumers, and social welfare from the uncertainty of international market especially in the long run. The stabilization of domestic price policy needs inter department coordination and STE to implement. Protection could result inefficiency but it is needed for commodities those are not ready to compete and to protect from unfair trade, to protect farmers and long run food security.

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