Possible Planck-scale physical production mechanisms and consequences of negative energies—Initial formulation

Negative energies within the scope of quantum field theories are often attributed to processes that include loops and vacuum bubbles. The negative energy solutions are a byproduct of virtual particles that have no impact in normal spacetime. However, this paper postulates that virtual particles can produce physical effects at the Planck-scale.

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Diagrammar of physical and fake particles and spectral optical theorem

Journal of High Energy Physics ◽

10.1007/jhep11(2021)030 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 (11) ◽

Author(s):

Damiano Anselmi

Keyword(s):

Field Theory ◽

Quantum Field Theory ◽

Field Theories ◽

Optical Theorem ◽

Quantum Field Theories ◽

Quantum Field ◽

Virtual Particles ◽

Major Significance ◽

Algebraic Operations

Abstract We prove spectral optical identities in quantum field theories of physical particles (defined by the Feynman iϵ prescription) and purely virtual particles (defined by the fakeon prescription). The identities are derived by means of purely algebraic operations and hold for every (multi)threshold separately and for arbitrary frequencies. Their major significance is that they offer a deeper understanding on the problem of unitarity in quantum field theory. In particular, they apply to “skeleton” diagrams, before integrating on the space components of the loop momenta and the phase spaces. In turn, the skeleton diagrams obey a spectral optical theorem, which gives the usual optical theorem for amplitudes, once the integrals on the space components of the loop momenta and the phase spaces are restored. The fakeon prescription/projection is implemented by dropping the thresholds that involve fakeon frequencies. We give examples at one loop (bubble, triangle, box, pentagon and hexagon), two loops (triangle with “diagonal”, box with diagonal) and arbitrarily many loops. We also derive formulas for the loop integrals with fakeons and relate them to the known formulas for the loop integrals with physical particles.

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Negative energy densities in integrable quantum field theories at one-particle level

Physical Review D ◽

10.1103/physrevd.93.065001 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 93 (6) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Henning Bostelmann ◽

Daniela Cadamuro

Keyword(s):

Negative Energy ◽

Field Theories ◽

Quantum Field Theories ◽

Quantum Field ◽

Integrable Quantum ◽

Particle Level

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Formfactors of Relativistic Composite Particle Interactions in Unified Nonlinear Spinorfield Models

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A ◽

10.1515/zna-1985-0717 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 40 (7) ◽

pp. 752-773

Author(s):

H. Stumpf

Keyword(s):

Composite Particle ◽

Particle Interaction ◽

High Energy ◽

Field Theories ◽

Quantum Field Theories ◽

Statistical Interpretation ◽

Quantum Field ◽

Mapping Procedure ◽

Effective Dynamics ◽

Rough Approximation

Unified nonlinear spinorfield models are self-regularizing quantum field theories in which all observable (elementary and non-elementary) particles are assumed to be bound states of fermionic preon fields. Due to their large masses the preons themselves are confined and below the threshold of preon production the effective dynamics of the model is only concerned with bound state reactions. In preceding papers a functional energy representation, the statistical interpretation and the dynamical equations were derived and the effective dynamics for preon-antipreon boson states and three preon-fermion states (with corresponding anti-fermions) was studied in the low energy limit. The transformation of the functional energy representation of the spinorfield into composite particle functional operators produced a hierarchy of effective interactions at the composite particle level, the leading terms of which are identical with the functional energy representation of a phenomenological boson-fermion coupling theory. In this paper these calculations are extended into the high energy range. This leads to formfactors for the composite particle interaction terms which are calculated in a rough approximation and which in principle are observable. In addition, the mathematical and physical interpretation of nonlocal quantum field theories and the meaning of the mapping procedure, its relativistic invariance etc. are discussed.

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Categorification of algebraic quantum field theories

Letters in Mathematical Physics ◽

10.1007/s11005-021-01371-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 111 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Marco Benini ◽

Marco Perin ◽

Alexander Schenkel ◽

Lukas Woike

Keyword(s):

Universal Algebra ◽

Finite Groups ◽

Physical Interpretation ◽

Field Theories ◽

Quantum Field Theories ◽

Quantum Field ◽

Algebraic Quantum

AbstractThis paper develops a concept of 2-categorical algebraic quantum field theories (2AQFTs) that assign locally presentable linear categories to spacetimes. It is proven that ordinary AQFTs embed as a coreflective full 2-subcategory into the 2-category of 2AQFTs. Examples of 2AQFTs that do not come from ordinary AQFTs via this embedding are constructed by a local gauging construction for finite groups, which admits a physical interpretation in terms of orbifold theories. A categorification of Fredenhagen’s universal algebra is developed and also computed for simple examples of 2AQFTs.

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