Open Source Software Development Model

2005 ◽  
pp. 2221-2224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luyin Zhao ◽  
Fadi P. Deek
Keyword(s):  
Software Development ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
Free Software ◽  
Development Model ◽  
Software Systems ◽  
Software System ◽  
Software Development Model ◽  
Hacker Culture ◽  
Free Software Foundation

The open source movement can be traced back to the hacker culture in the ’60s and ’70s. In the early 1980s, the tenet of free software for sharing was explicitly raised by Richard Stallman, who was working on developing software systems and invited others to share, contribute, and give back to the community of cooperative hackers. Stallman, together with other volunteers, established the Free Software Foundation to host GNU (Gnu’s Not Unix, a set of UNIX-compatible software system). Eric Raymond, Stallman’s collaborator, is the primary founder of the Open Source Initiative. Both communities are considered the principal drivers of open source movement.

scholarly journals The Divergent Anarcho-utopian Discourses of the Open Source Software Movement

2006 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale A. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Software Development ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
Free Software ◽  
Open Source Software Development ◽  
Programming Practices ◽  
Free Software Foundation ◽  
The Way

Abstract: The discourse informing open source programming is important for many reasons, not the least of which is the way in which its ideological positions are translated into practical actions. It is argued that the initial anarcho-utopian move initiated by Richard Stallman’s GNU Project and Free Software Foundation is currently being transformed into an organizational utopia in the form of the largely Linux-based open source movement. The utopian impulse evident in open source software development is therefore addressed from the perspective that the promises of liberation that inform its anarchy-inspired politics may be undermined by efforts to integrate its communal programming practices into existing market hegemonies. Résumé : Le discours sur la programmation libre est important à plusieurs égards, notamment dans la manière dont ses positions idéologiques se transforment en actions concrètes. Cet article soutient que le mouvement anarcho-utopique lancé par Richard Stallman avec son projet GNU et la Fondation pour le logiciel libre se transforme actuellement en une utopie organisationnelle prenant la forme d’un Mouvement du logiciel libre qui se fonde en grande partie sur le système Linux. Cet article adopte la perspective qu’on risque aujourd’hui de perdre de vue l'impulsion utopique qui était évidente dans le développement initial de logiciels libres. On risque en outre d’oublier les promesses de liberté qui sous

scholarly journals The Emergence of Open-Source Software in North America

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guohua Pan ◽  
Curtis J. Bonk
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Software Development ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
Source Model ◽  
Development Model ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Course Management Systems ◽  
Open Source Software Development ◽  
Software Development Model

Unlike conventional models of software development, the open source model is based on the collaborative efforts of users who are also co-developers of the software. Interest in open source software has grown exponentially in recent years. A Google search for the phrase open source in early 2005 returned 28.8 million webpage hits, while less than two years later that number had jumped to 376 million. This paper discusses the origin of the term open source and the key tenets of the open source software development model. In addition, it analyzes the merits and drawbacks of using this model and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of applying the model in higher education. Importantly, examples are provided of computer software, and course management systems in particular, developed using the open source model. Also included are brief analyses of the Linux operating system, and two open source course management systems, Sakai and Moodle, as well as the uPortal. A timeline of major open source projects of significance in North America is provided. The paper concludes with a discussion of the potential for applying the open source software development model to open and distance education.

Open Source Software Communities

2011 ◽  
pp. 363-367
Author(s):  
Kevin Carillo ◽  
Chitu Okoli
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
Development Model ◽  
The People ◽  
Develop Software ◽  
Working Together ◽  
Software Development Model ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
Open Source Communities

Open source software (OSS) development has continued to appear as a puzzling and enigmatic phenomenon and has drawn increasing attention as its importance has grown. Relying upon an alternative way to develop and to distribute software, open source communities have been able to challenge and often outperform proprietary software by enabling better reliability, lower costs, shorter development times, and a higher quality of code (Raymond, 2004). Behind the software is a mass of people working together in loose coordination, even portrayed as a rowdy marketplace (Raymond, 2001, p. 1): No quiet, reverent cathedral-building here—rather, the Linux community seemed to resemble a great babbling bazaar of differing agendas and approaches … out of which a coherent and stable system seemingly emerges only by a succession of miracles. More precisely, the people behind open source projects have been defined as: “Internet-based communities of software developers who voluntarily collaborate in order to develop software that they or their organizations need” (von Krogh, 2003, p. 14). In contrast to the sacred cathedral-like software development model that gave birth to most commercial and proprietary systems, such bazaar-like communities seem to have based their success on a pseudo-anarchic type of collaboration and developers’ interaction (Raymond, 2001). However, in spite of the apparent disorganization of these bazaars, a closer look distinguishes common values and norms that rule them, specific roles that can be identified, similar motives shared by people, and practices that follow patterns. This article highlights key aspects of what forms the communities that support these projects.

scholarly journals The Emergence of Open-Source Software in China

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guohua Pan ◽  
Curtis Jay Bonk
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
North America ◽  
Software Development ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
Development Model ◽  
Course Management System ◽  
Chinese Higher Education ◽  
Course Management ◽  
Red Flag

The open-source software movement is gaining increasing momentum in China. Of the limited numbers of open-source software in China, Red Flag Linux stands out most strikingly, commanding 30 percent share of Chinese software market. Unlike the spontaneity of open-source movement in North America, open-source software development in China, such as Red Flag Linux, is an orchestrated activity wherein different levels of government play a vital role in sponsoring, incubating, and using open-source software, most conspicuously, Red Flag Linux. While there are no reports on open-source course management system in China, there are reports on the study and use of Western open-source course management systems for instruction and learning in Chinese higher education institutions. This paper discusses the current status of open-source software in China, including open-source course management software and associated tools and resources. Importantly, it describes the development model of Red Flag Linux, the most successful open-source software initiative in China. In addition, it explores the possibility of Chinese higher education institutions joining efforts to develop China’s own open-source course management system using the open-source development model established in North America. A timeline of major open-source projects of significance underway in China is provided. The paper concludes with a discussion of the potential for applying the open-source software development model to open and distance education in China.

Intellectual Property Rights in Open Source Software Communities

2011 ◽  
pp. 285-290
Author(s):  
Chitu Okoli ◽  
Kevin Carillo
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Software Development ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
Virtual Community ◽  
Source Model ◽  
Software Projects ◽  
Software Development Model

Intellectual property is an old concept, with the first recorded instances of patents (1449) and copyrights (1662) both occurring in England (“Intellectual property”, Wikipedia, 2004). The first piece of software was submitted for copyright to the United States Copyright Office in 1961, and was accepted as copyrightable under existing copyright law (Hollaar, 2002). The open source movement has relied upon controversial intellectual property rights that are rooted in the overall history of software development (Lerner & Tirole, 2002; von Hippel & von Krogh, 2003). By defining specific legal mechanisms and designing various software licenses, the open source phenomenon has successfully proposed an alternative software development model whose approach to the concept of intellectual property is quite different from that taken by traditional proprietary software. A separate article in this encyclopedia treats open source software communities in general as a type of virtual community. This article takes a historical approach to examining how the intellectual property rights that have protected free/open source software have contributed towards the formation and evolution of virtual communities whose central focus is software projects based on the open source model.

Evaluation of FLOSS by Analyzing Its Software Evolution

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-81
Author(s):  
Héctor J. Macho ◽  
Gregorio Robles ◽  
Jesus M. González-Barahona
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
Management System ◽  
Software Evolution ◽  
Development Model ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Software Systems ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Evaluation Models ◽  
The One

In today's world, management often rely on FLOSS (Free/Libre/Open Source Software) systems to run their organizations. However, the nature of FLOSS is different from the software they have been using in the last decades. Its development model is distributed, and its authors are diverse as many volunteers and companies may collaborate in the project. In this paper, the authors want to shed some light on how to evaluate a FLOSS system by looking at the Moodle platform, which is currently the most used learning management system among educational institutions worldwide. In contrast with other evaluation models that have been proposed so far, the one presented here is based on retrieving historical information that can be obtained publicly from the Internet, allowing the authors to study its evolution. As a result, they will show how using their methodology management can take informed decisions that lower the risk that organizations face when investing in a FLOSS system.

Firms' Resource Deployment and Project Leadership in Open Source Software Development

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (02) ◽  
pp. 1550010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Schaarschmidt ◽  
Harald Von Kortzfleisch
Keyword(s):  
Software Development ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
Open Innovation ◽  
Development Model ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Project Leadership ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Resource Deployment

When using the open source software (OSS), development model firms face the challenge to balance the tension between the integration of knowledge from external individuals and the desire for control. In our investigation, we draw upon a data set consisting of 109 projects with 912 individual programmers and 110 involved firms and show how those different projects are governed in terms of project leadership. Our four hypotheses show that despite the wish for external knowledge from voluntary programmers firms are relying on own resources or those from other firms to control a project, that projects with low firm participation are mainly led by voluntary committers, and that projects with high firm participation are mainly led by paid leaders. This research extends the dominating literature by providing empirical evidence in that area and helps to deepen our understanding of firm participation in OSS projects as a form of open innovation activity.

Morality and Pragmatism in Free Software and Open Source

2009 ◽  
pp. 2883-2893
Author(s):  
Dave Yeats
Keyword(s):  
Software Development ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Moral Obligation ◽  
Free Software ◽  
Pragmatic Argument ◽  
Informed Decisions ◽  
Free Software Foundation

This chapter analyzes the differences between the philosophy of the Free Software Foundation (FSF) as described by Richard Stallman and the open source movement as described in the writings of Eric Raymond. It argues that free software bases its activity on the argument that sharing code is a moral obligation and open source bases its activity on a pragmatic argument that sharing code produces better software. By examining the differences between these two related software movements, this chapter enables readers to consider the implications of these differences and make more informed decisions about software use and involvement in various software development efforts.

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