Humanitarian Aid Logistics

2011 ◽  
pp. 45-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Beresford ◽  
Stephen Pettit
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Wenchuan Earthquake ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Distribution Management ◽  
International Assistance ◽  
The Wenchuan Earthquake ◽  
Last Mile ◽  
Scale Of Response ◽  
External Aid

This chapter contrasts the response to the Wenchuan earthquake (May 2008) which took place in a landlocked region of China with that of the January 2010 earthquake in Haiti, which as an island nation, was theoretically easily accessible to external aid provision via air or sea. In the initial period following the Wenchuan earthquake, the response was wholly internal as a detailed needs assessment was carried out. Once the Chinese authorities had established the scale of response required, international assistance was quickly allowed into the country. Several multimodal solutions were devised to minimize the risk of supply breakdown. Haiti required substantial external aid and logistics support, but severe organizational and infrastructural weaknesses rendered the supply chain extremely vulnerable locally. This translated to a mismatch between the volume of aid supplied and logistics capability, highlighting the importance of “last-mile” distribution management. The two earthquakes posed extreme challenges to the logistics operations, though both required a mix of military and non-military input into the logistics response. Nonetheless, in each case the non-standard logistics solutions which were devised broadly met the requirements for effective aid distribution in extreme environments.

Humanitarian Aid Logistics

2012 ◽  
pp. 666-687
Author(s):  
Anthony Beresford ◽  
Stephen Pettit
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Wenchuan Earthquake ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Distribution Management ◽  
International Assistance ◽  
The Wenchuan Earthquake ◽  
Last Mile ◽  
Scale Of Response ◽  
External Aid

This chapter contrasts the response to the Wenchuan earthquake (May 2008) which took place in a landlocked region of China with that of the January 2010 earthquake in Haiti, which as an island nation, was theoretically easily accessible to external aid provision via air or sea. In the initial period following the Wenchuan earthquake, the response was wholly internal as a detailed needs assessment was carried out. Once the Chinese authorities had established the scale of response required, international assistance was quickly allowed into the country. Several multimodal solutions were devised to minimize the risk of supply breakdown. Haiti required substantial external aid and logistics support, but severe organizational and infrastructural weaknesses rendered the supply chain extremely vulnerable locally. This translated to a mismatch between the volume of aid supplied and logistics capability, highlighting the importance of “last-mile” distribution management. The two earthquakes posed extreme challenges to the logistics operations, though both required a mix of military and non-military input into the logistics response. Nonetheless, in each case the non-standard logistics solutions which were devised broadly met the requirements for effective aid distribution in extreme environments.

Catastrophic debris flows triggered by the 20 August 2019 rainfall, a decade since the Wenchuan earthquake, China

Landslides ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Yang ◽  
Xuanmei Fan ◽  
Srikrishnan Siva Subramanian ◽  
Xiangyang Dou ◽  
Junlin Xiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wenchuan Earthquake ◽  
Debris Flows ◽  
The Wenchuan Earthquake

scholarly journals Valuable Clues for DCNN-Based Landslide Detection from a Comparative Assessment in the Wenchuan Earthquake Area

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 5191
Author(s):  
Chang Li ◽  
Bangjin Yi ◽  
Peng Gao ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
Jixing Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wenchuan Earthquake ◽  
Remote Sensing Images ◽  
Machine Learning Methods ◽  
The Wenchuan Earthquake ◽  
Causative Factors ◽  
Multiple Structures ◽  
Sample Set ◽  
Larger Sample ◽  
Structure Layer ◽  
Earthquake Area

Landslide inventories could provide fundamental data for analyzing the causative factors and deformation mechanisms of landslide events. Considering that it is still hard to detect landslides automatically from remote sensing images, endeavors have been carried out to explore the potential of DCNNs on landslide detection, and obtained better performance than shallow machine learning methods. However, there is often confusion as to which structure, layer number, and sample size are better for a project. To fill this gap, this study conducted a comparative test on typical models for landside detection in the Wenchuan earthquake area, where about 200,000 secondary landslides were available. Multiple structures and layer numbers, including VGG16, VGG19, ResNet50, ResNet101, DenseNet120, DenseNet201, UNet−, UNet+, and ResUNet were investigated with different sample numbers (100, 1000, and 10,000). Results indicate that VGG models have the highest precision (about 0.9) but the lowest recall (below 0.76); ResNet models display the lowest precision (below 0.86) and a high recall (about 0.85); DenseNet models obtain moderate precision (below 0.88) and recall (about 0.8); while UNet+ also achieves moderate precision (0.8) and recall (0.84). Generally, a larger sample set can lead to better performance for VGG, ResNet, and DenseNet, and deeper layers could improve the detection results for ResNet and DenseNet. This study provides valuable clues for designing models’ type, layers, and sample set, based on tests with a large number of samples.

scholarly journals A Managerial and Behavioral Approach in Aligning Stakeholder Goals in Sustainable Last Mile Logistics: A Case Study in the Netherlands

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4434
Author(s):  
Frazen Tolentino-Zondervan ◽  
Enide Bogers ◽  
Luc van de Sande
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Stakeholder Analysis ◽  
Middle Level ◽  
Behavioral Approach ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Living Lab ◽  
Last Mile ◽  
Environmental Goals

Stakeholders play vital roles in the implementation of sustainable last mile logistics solutions. Therefore, the first step in setting up successful sustainable last mile logistics is to conduct stakeholder analysis. This paper analyzes the goals of the stakeholders in the Heijendaal living lab, a city logistics project that uses two hubs for bundling goods to be delivered to the Heijendaal campus in The Netherlands. We use the Theory of Planned Behavior and Policy Deployment to present a qualitative case study, which examines the goals of stakeholders in relation to their roles in the supply chain and in the organization, and if these goals lead to their expected participation behavior. Results show that stakeholders have economic, social, and environmental goals and that some of these goals are prominent within certain groups of stakeholders along the supply chain and within the organization. In addition, the set goals do not always lead to participation behavior of stakeholders due to identified disruptions and habits. This study identifies the importance of information sharing and collaboration within the supply chain, the leading role of middle-level managers in translating strategic to operational goals, and the stimulation of behavioral factors to increase participation of stakeholders in the living lab.

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