Scaling Up Software Birthmarks Using Fuzzy Hashing

To detect the software theft, software birthmarks have been proposed. Software birthmark systems extract software birthmarks, which are native characteristics of software, from binary programs, and compare them by computing the similarity between birthmarks. This paper proposes a new procedure for scaling up the birthmark systems. While conventional birthmark systems are composed of the birthmark extraction phase and the birthmark comparison phase, the proposed method adds two new phases between extraction and comparison, namely, compression phase, which employs fuzzy hashing, and pre-comparison phase, which aims to increase distinction property of birthmarks. The proposed method enables us to reduce the required time in the comparison phase, so that it can be applied to detect software theft among many larger scale software products. From an experimental evaluation, the authors found that the proposed method significantly reduces the comparison time, and keeps the distinction performance, which is one of the important properties of the birthmark. Also, the preservation performance is acceptable when the threshold value is properly set.

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Scaling Up Software Birthmarks Using Fuzzy Hashing

International Journal of Software Innovation ◽

10.4018/ijsi.2017070107 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 89-102 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Takehiro Tsuzaki ◽

Teruaki Yamamoto ◽

Haruaki Tamada ◽

Akito Monden

Keyword(s):

Experimental Evaluation ◽

Threshold Value ◽

Scaling Up ◽

Compression Phase ◽

Software Products ◽

Software Birthmark ◽

Comparison Time ◽

Extraction Phase ◽

Binary Programs

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Conditions for Dual Compression in Perfectly Elastic Three-Dimensional Collisions

Journal of Applied Mechanics ◽

10.1115/1.2791482 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 66 (3) ◽

pp. 607-611 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

J. A. Batlle

Keyword(s):

Friction Coefficient ◽

Multibody Systems ◽

Single Point ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Threshold Value ◽

Restitution Coefficient ◽

Compression Phase ◽

Elastic Collisions ◽

S Model

The jamb (self-locking) process in single-point three-dimensional rough collisions in multibody systems may lead to a dual compression: a second compression phase develops after an initial compression-expansion one. In such a case the usual energetical restitution coefficient ew is ill defined. This article presents a thorough analysis, by means of the incremental Routh ’s model, of the conditions leading to dual compression in the case of perfectly elastic collisions. For a given general collision configuration and for each value of the friction coefficient greater than the threshold value for jamb, there is always a domain of directions of the incident velocity leading to dual compression. An application example is presented.

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In situ irradiation effects studies in medium- and high-voltage TEM

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100137549 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 53 ◽

pp. 234-235

Author(s):

Charles W. Allen

Keyword(s):

Cross Section ◽

Particle Flux ◽

Threshold Value ◽

High Energy ◽

Irradiation Damage ◽

Defect Complexes ◽

Lattice Position ◽

Electrons And Ions ◽

The Masses

With respect to structural consequences within a material, energetic electrons, above a threshold value of energy characteristic of a particular material, produce vacancy-interstial pairs (Frenkel pairs) by displacement of individual atoms, as illustrated for several materials in Table 1. Ion projectiles produce cascades of Frenkel pairs. Such displacement cascades result from high energy primary knock-on atoms which produce many secondary defects. These defects rearrange to form a variety of defect complexes on the time scale of tens of picoseconds following the primary displacement. A convenient measure of the extent of irradiation damage, both for electrons and ions, is the number of displacements per atom (dpa). 1 dpa means, on average, each atom in the irradiated region of material has been displaced once from its original lattice position. Displacement rate (dpa/s) is proportional to particle flux (cm-2s-1), the proportionality factor being the “displacement cross-section” σD (cm2). The cross-section σD depends mainly on the masses of target and projectile and on the kinetic energy of the projectile particle.

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