Risk Assessment of Mass Shootings

2021 ◽  
pp. 84-98
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Threat Assessment ◽  
Assessment Instruments ◽  
Mass Shootings ◽  
Criminal Profiling ◽  
Initial Identification ◽  
Mass Shooting

This chapter turns its focus to ways to assess the risk of mass shootings. Risk assessment is used for the prevention and initial identification of violence. The usefulness of risk assessment instruments in this process is debated. Also discussed is the viability of criminal profiling, looking at characteristics associated with a particular type of offender. To add to the discussion, the motives of previous mass shooters selected as case studies are detailed. This goes some way to showing that the varied motivations of perpetrators make it difficult to adequately assess the risk posed. The next chapter will illustrate that threat assessment is a more useful approach to determine whether an individual intends to perpetrate a mass shooting.

The Role of Leakage and Warning Behaviors

2021 ◽  
pp. 67-83
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Threat Assessment ◽  
Warning Signs ◽  
Mass Shootings ◽  
Mass Shooting ◽  
Assessment Procedures ◽  
Eleven Case

This chapter considers ways to detect mass shootings before they occur. It focuses on the role of leakage in prevention, whereby the communication of an intention to do harm can be used to assess the nature and viability of a mass shooting occurring. Eleven case studies of mass shootings are used to assess leakage and other warning signs displayed prior to these attacks. Documented are possible types of leakages, audiences for leakages, ways leakages were communicated, and other types of warning behaviors. Findings from interviews with threat assessment experts are also discussed in relation to the role leakage plays. It is hoped this chapter will go some way to informing risk and threat assessment procedures, which will be discussed in more detail in the subsequent chapters.

Exploring the Phenomenon of Mass Murder in Public Places

2020 ◽  
pp. 122-155
Author(s):  
Selina E. M. Kerr ◽  
Mary Ann Markey
Keyword(s):  
Threat Assessment ◽  
Emergency Situation ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Mass Murder ◽  
Mass Shootings ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Music Festival ◽  
Mass Shooting ◽  
The Individual

In 2017, fifty-eight individuals attending an outdoor music festival in Las Vegas were shot and killed, whilst hundreds more were injured. In this chapter, the authors explore the phenomenon of mass shootings taking place in entertainment venues or places of worship. These types of venues bring unique challenges in preventing and responding to mass shooting incidents. These authors recommend initiating a threat assessment system or model to assess changes in an individual's behaviors over time. It is of particular importance to evaluate whether the individual has been preparing for an attack. The six case studies reviewed engaged in active preparations beforehand by procuring weapons, writing manifestos and scoping out potential venues to attack. In terms of how to effectively respond to mass shootings in public locations, it is recommended that an emergency management plan with a range of scenarios is devised beforehand. Careful consideration should be given to ways to deal with individuals with special needs and how to communicate with patrons during an emergency situation.

Evaluation of a Violence Risk (Threat) Assessment Training Program for Police and Other Criminal Justice Professionals

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 554-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer E. Storey ◽  
Andrea L. Gibas ◽  
Kim A. Reeves ◽  
Stephen D. Hart
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Threat Assessment ◽  
Case Vignette ◽  
Assessment Instruments ◽  
Violence Risk ◽  
Violence Risk Assessment ◽  
Assessment Training ◽  
Criminal Justice Professionals

Although a great deal of research has focused on the development and validation of violence risk (threat) assessment instruments, few studies have examined whether professionals can be trained to use these instruments. The present study evaluated the impact of a violence risk assessment training program on the knowledge, skills, and attitudes of 73 criminal justice professionals, including police officers, civilian support staff, and prosecutors. The program covered principles of violence risk assessment, the nature of mental disorder and its association with violence risk, and the use of various structured professional judgment (SPJ) risk assessment instruments. Comparisons of pre- and post-training evaluations indicated significant improvements on measures of knowledge about risk assessment, skills in the analysis of risk in a case vignette, and perceived confidence in conducting violence risk assessments. Findings support the utility of risk assessment training for criminal justice professionals and the utility of SPJ violence risk assessment instruments generally.

Misogynistic Males

2021 ◽  
pp. 321-336
Author(s):  
Selina E.M. Kerr
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Threat Assessment ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Mass Murder ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Assessment Instruments ◽  
Mass Violence ◽  
Motivating Factor ◽  
Potential Use

Scholars have begun to identify the links between incidents of mass murder and misogynistic behaviors. From the 2014 Isla Vista campus shootings in California through to an incident of mass violence with a van in Toronto in 2017, identifying as an “incel” has been cited as a motivating factor in the perpetrators' pre-attack writings. “Incel” stands for “involuntary celibates,” an online subculture of males displaying rage at females, expressing fandom for mass shooters, and fantasizing about violence. Further complicating matters is the frequent overlap between intimate partner violence and/or stalking with acts of mass violence. In this chapter, suggestions are advanced for ways to effectively assess the risk of mass violence when misogynistic behaviors are present. The potential use of risk assessment instruments is discussed, in addition to ways to devise an effective threat assessment system.

Evaluating risk assessment instruments for intimate partner stalking and intimate partner violence.

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacomina Gerbrandij ◽  
Barry Rosenfeld ◽  
Alicia Nijdam-Jones ◽  
Michele Galietta
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Assessment Instruments

Clinical Case Studies in Renal Transplantation

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-75
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Renal Transplantation ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Hemodynamic Evaluation ◽  
Clinical Case Studies

The case studies below are referred to in the articles “Pulmonary Hypertension in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: Noninvasive Strategies for Patient Phenotyping and Risk Assessment” by Amresh Raina, MD, and “Hemodynamic Evaluation of Pulmonary Hypertension in Chronic Kidney Disease” by Ryan Tedford, MD, and Paul Forfia, MD, on the following pages.

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