A Clinical Case of COVID-19-Associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis (CAPA), Illustrating the Challenges in Diagnosis (Despite Overwhelming Mycological Evidence)

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in large numbers of patients requiring critical care management. With the established association between severe respiratory virus infection and invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (7.6% for COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA)), the pandemic places a significant number of patients at potential risk from secondary invasive fungal disease. We described a case of CAPA with substantial supporting mycological evidence, highlighting the need to employ strategic diagnostic algorithms and weighted definitions to improve the accuracy in diagnosing CAPA.

Clinical case of myocardial infarction with unspecified familial hypercholesterolemia

Familial hypercholesterolemia is a hereditary autosomal dominant disease characterized by a violation of cholesterol metabolism. This nosology was first described in the late 1930s by the Norwegian clinician Karl Moeller, he proposed the idea that hypercholesterolemia and tendon xanthomas are associated with cardiovascular diseases through the inheritance of a single gene. In 1964, two clinical phenotypes of familial hypercholesterolemia were discovered: heterozygous and homozygous, associated with an unfavorable prognosis. To date, it is known that the long-running process of accumulation of low-density lipoproteins in the intima of blood vessels may not have clinical symptoms for many years due to the developed system of collaterals and the absence of hemodynamically significant stenosis. However, without timely diagnosis and appropriate therapy, this condition inevitably leads to the development of a cardiovascular event. The article presents a clinical case demonstrating the development of myocardial infarction in a patient with a late diagnosis of this disease.

A clinical case of concurrent mycoplasma pneumonia and dengue hemorrhagic fever in a tourist from Thailand

The article describes a clinical case of concurrent infectious diseases - dengue hemorrhagic fever and mycoplasma pneumonia in a patient who came back from the area endemic for dengue fever. Further, the patient was diagnosed with clostridial colitis which was the complication. Clinical, laboratory, and radiological parameters used in the diagnosis of diseases were evaluated.

A Case of Early-Onset Alzheimer's Disease with MAPT P301L Mutation and Literature Review

Background: Early-onset Alzheimer's disease is defined as Parkinson's disease that begins at an age of 65 or younger. Currently, among the reports on early-onset Alzheimer's disease related genes, mutations of APP, PSEN1 and PSEN2 genes are relatively common, However, the mutation of MAPT P301L causes early-onset Alzheimer's disease, which has not been reported so far. Case report: We have found a clinical case of a 30-year-old male who suddenly developed cognitive impairment and progressed rapidly within 2 years, leaving him unable to take care of himself. The patient underwent examinations of blood and cerebrospinal fluid routine, biochemistry and immunoassay, as well as imaging examinations of MRI, FDGPET and PIBPET. PIB-PET indicated diffuse heterogeneous radionuclivity in cerebral cortex, and positive PIB imaging was considered. Sequencing results suggested that there was a heterozygous mutation in the MAPT gene of the patient, which was located in Chr17-44087755, and c.902C>T. Conclusion: We speculated that EOAD of this patient may be related to the P301L mutation on MAPT.

Experience of using an integrated approach in the diagnosis of temporomandibular joint dysfunction

The article presents a clinical case of the diagnostics and treatment of the temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMJ) in patient after orthodontic treatment. The hypertonia of masticatory muscles, limit of mouth opening and deviation of the jawbone to the right were observed during physical examination. Adhesion of the disk to the articular tubercle of the right temporal bone was detected on MRI. Hyperrotation of the articular head and the deviation of the jawbone to the right were observed on the charts during axiography. Disappearing of the feeling of heaviness in the right TMJ, free mouth opening, absence of deviation symptom, and the reduction of the rigidity of the masseter muscles were observed on the basis of diagnostic examinations after treatment. Presented clinical experience lets us make a conclusion that it is necessary to prescribe taking axiography and MRI during diagnosing and treating temporomandibular joint dysfunction.

Features of the diagnosis and course of coronary heart disease in young people: a clinical case

This clinical analysis is devoted to the case of exacerbation of ischemic heart disease in a 36-year-old man. A feature of this case is the combination of young age and obstructive coronary artery disease, as well as diagnostic search and analysis of the data obtained in the group of young patients.

Secondary alveolar bone graft in incomplete unilateral pre-foramen fissure: case report

Cleft lip and palate is one of the most common facial deformities. During embryonic life, non-fusion of the maxillary and medial nasal plaques leads to cleft lip and palate. Fissures can produce a range of dental problems in terms of number, size, shape, and position, related to deciduous or permanent dentition. Besides this, the teeth most affected are those located in the fissure area. There are numerous treatment protocols, which, despite the lack of a consensus, start as soon as the child is born, going into adulthood, seeking functional and aesthetic rehabilitation. The surgical phases, lip repair, nasal repair, palatoplasty and alveolar bone grafting, are performed according to age. As for the bone graft, the most used option is the secondary graft, with the autogenous one being the most available. Thus, the objective of this work is to present a clinical case of secondary alveolar bone grafting in a 10-year-old female patient with an incomplete unilateral pre-foramen cleft.

Features of therapeutic correction of GERD: focus on cytoprotection (with a clinical case)

Тo date, the possible links of the pathogenesis of this disease have been well studied and described, which predetermine certain approaches to the treatment of various variants of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Effective drug therapy for GERD includes proton pump inhibitors (PPI). However, PPI monotherapy is not always effective. One approach is to increase the PPI dose. At the same time, combination therapy with the addition of drugs that affect the protective properties of the esophageal mucosa seems to be more rational. It is known that in the development of GERD, the violation of cytoprotection of the esophageal mucosa is one of the key links in pathogenesis. Consequently, the issue of combination therapy of PPIs with drugs that increase the protective properties of the mucous barrier along with acid suppression becomes relevant. An example of such an approach is the appointment of rebamipide, the action of which is to regulate the synthesis of prostaglandins through COX-2 mediated mechanisms, influence on endothelial growth factor, increase the expression of tight intercellular contact proteins in epithelial cells of the mucous membrane, reduce the level of interleukin-8 and free oxygen radicals, directed to protect the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract and restore its natural barrier properties. The effectiveness of the combination of PPI and rebamipide contributes to a greater regression of complaints in patients with GERD and a lower frequency of disease relapses than with PPI monotherapy. This article provides a review of the literature on the features of GERD therapy, primarily with an emphasis on the correction of the cytoprotective properties of the esophageal mucosa, including against the background of the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), and a clinical case analysis with a discussion of rational pharmacological correction.