Critical Thinking in Research and Analysis

2022 ◽  
pp. 54-77

This chapter reviews the need for critical thinking and analysis and the art of reasoning and looks at quantitative and qualitative research methodologies and the situations where they are appropriate. The chapter reviews the question of why the analysis required for business development is so critical. Why is gathering the information needed for business development more difficult than gathering information for information systems development? To understand these questions, it is necessary to review the range and complexity of the information required for business research and analysis. The internal performance data must be evaluated and the actual economic position of the organisation established. The critical value elements of the organisation's resources need to be identified and the competencies established. The competitive environment must be researched together with the external factors that impact the organization, and all the interactions that result must be evaluated.

2018 ◽  
pp. 48-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. V. Trofimov

The article analyzes tendencies of national payment systems development in the European Union and Russia: electronic and deposit money, bank cards, financial technologies in the field of retail payments. The author identifies factors that stimulate the development of cashless retail payments and the national payment card systems in the European Union, as well as the problems and prospects of this sector forming in Russia. Recommendations on the development of a competitive environment and financial technologies in the field of retail payments in Russia are proposed.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chester Allan Abegael Jangao ◽  
Glendell Jadraque ◽  
Jenessa Amion ◽  
Kc Marie Regalado ◽  
Meljhon Arañez ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
pp. 136216882110012
Author(s):  
Phil Hiver ◽  
Ali H. Al-Hoorie ◽  
Joseph P. Vitta ◽  
Janice Wu

At the turn of the new millennium, in an article published in Language Teaching Research in 2000, Dörnyei and Kormos proposed that ‘active learner engagement is a key concern’ for all instructed language learning. Since then, language engagement research has increased exponentially. In this article, we present a systematic review of 20 years of language engagement research. To ensure robust coverage, we searched 21 major journals on second language acquisition (SLA) and applied linguistics and identified 112 reports satisfying our inclusion criteria. The results of our analysis of these reports highlighted the adoption of heterogeneous methods and conceptual frameworks in the language engagement literature, as well as indicating a need to refine the definitions and operationalizations of engagement in both quantitative and qualitative research. Based on these findings, we attempted to clarify some lingering ambiguity around fundamental definitions, and to more clearly delineate the scope and target of language engagement research. We also discuss future avenues to further advance understanding of the nature, mechanisms, and outcomes resulting from engagement in language learning.


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