Characteristics of Red Spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) Encroachment at Two Central Appalachian Heathland Study Areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-37
Author(s):  
Helen M. White ◽  
Lynn M. Resler ◽  
David Carroll
Keyword(s):  
West Virginia ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Biotic Interactions ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Statistical Modelling ◽  
Picea Rubens ◽  
Geospatial Data ◽  
Red Spruce ◽  
Percent Cover ◽  
Canaan Valley

During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, intensive land use nearly eliminated red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) throughout portions of West Virginia (WV). Red spruce has been slow to regenerate on mountaintop heathland barrens surrounding Canaan Valley, West Virginia (WV), and little is known about the nature of encroachment. Using field surveys, geospatial data, and statistical modelling, the objectives were to 1) characterize and compare red spruce encroachment at two upland heath study areas in West Virginia (Bear Rocks and Cabin Mountain), 2) characterize percent cover of major ground cover types associated with red spruce regeneration sites in order to elucidate biotic interactions, and 3) model the biophysical correlates of red spruce encroachment using geospatial data and statistical modelling. Red spruce count was similar at both study areas, but there were substantially more seedlings and saplings at Cabin Mountain. Modelling revealed a positive relationship between red spruce count and rock cover and a negative relationship between red spruce and stand distance.

Impact of Deer Browsing on Regeneration of Balsam Fir in Canaan Valley, West Virginia

1992 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 89-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin D. Michael
Keyword(s):  
West Virginia ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Red Spruce ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Deer Browsing ◽  
Apparent Correlation ◽  
Canaan Valley

Abstract I determined composition and regeneration of balsam fir stands during June 1991 at four sites in Canaan Valley, West Virginia. White-tailed deer had heavily browsed balsam fir, and regeneration did not appear adequate to replace the stands. There was an apparent correlation between relative deer abundance, as measured by numbers of pellet groups, and balsam fir regeneration. The site with the most deer had the fewest balsam fir seedlings (5/ac), and the site with the fewest deer had the most balsam fir seedlings (1040/ac). Balsam fir will probably be replaced by red spruce, one of the few tree species not commonly browsed by deer. North. J. Appl. For. 9(3):89-90.

Phenotypic Variation in Climate-Associated Traits of Red Spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) along Elevation Gradients in the Southern Appalachian Mountains

Castanea ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
John R. Butnor ◽  
Brittany M. Verrico ◽  
Kurt H. Johnsen ◽  
Christopher A. Maier ◽  
Victor Vankus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Appalachian Mountains ◽  
Picea Rubens ◽  
Red Spruce ◽  
Elevation Gradients ◽  
Southern Appalachian Mountains ◽  
Southern Appalachian

Temporal Variation in Songbird Abundance on Grasslands in Canaan Valley, West Virginia

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (sp7) ◽  
pp. 344-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly A. Chadbourne ◽  
James T. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
West Virginia ◽  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Canaan Valley

scholarly journals Impact of Overseeded Grass Species, Seeding Rate and Seeding Time on Establishment and Persistence in Bermudagrass

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-80
Author(s):  
Thomas Serensits ◽  
Matthew Cutulle ◽  
Jeffrey F. Derr
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Percent Cover ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Seeding Time ◽  
One Year ◽  
Cool Season Grass

Abstract Cool-season grass species are often overseeded into bermudagrass turf for both aesthetics and functionality during the winter months. When the overseeded grass persists beyond the spring, however, it becomes a weed. Experiments were conducted to evaluate overseeded grass species and seeding rate on turf cover during the fall, spring, and summer. The ability of perennial ryegrass, Italian ryegrass, and hybrid bluegrass to then persist in bermudagrass one year after seeding was determined. Both perennial ryegrass and Italian ryegrass produced acceptable ground cover in the spring after fall seeding. Hybrid bluegrass did not establish well, resulting in unacceptable cover. Perennial ryegrass generally had the most persistence one year after seeding, either because of the survival of plants through the summer or because of new germination the following fall. The highest cover seen one year after seeding was 24% with perennial ryegrass in the 2005 trial. Maximum cover seen with Italian ryegrass and hybrid bluegrass 12 months after seeding was 19 and 8%, respectively. Seeding perennial or Italian ryegrass in February achieved acceptable cover in spring in the first trial but not the second. Persistence the following fall, however, was greater in the second trial, suggesting new germination. Percent cover 12 months after seeding tended to increase as the seeding rate increased, also suggesting new germination the following fall. Although quality is lower with Italian ryegrass compared to perennial ryegrass, it transitions out easier than perennial ryegrass, resulting in fewer surviving plants one year after fall seeding.

Historic Game Harvests in Canaan Valley and Tucker County, West Virginia

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (sp7) ◽  
pp. 382-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin D. Michael ◽  
Sandra L. Brown ◽  
Walter S. Brown
Keyword(s):  
West Virginia ◽  
Canaan Valley
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