Standardize Test Method of Reliability Evaluation for c-Si Photovoltaic Product

Shipping damage is one of the key problems of photovoltaic (PV) failures in the field. In addition, the detailed documents and industry standards are necessary, to avoid cell breakages or cracks during transportation. Therefore, ITRI coordinated some TFs to set up a series of experiments on the performance evaluation for PV-cell and PV-module caused by transportation and shipping. This work aims to standardize the test method for performance criteria of PV-cell and PV-module for transportation, and evaluates a guideline and risk analysis for shipped package of PV product to meet the relevant reliability concerns in a long-term perspective. PV products are shipped not only in a fab by forklift trucks or handling, but also transported outside a fab by shipping vehicles such as truck, train, aircraft and shipboard. Consequently, results were applied to SEMI Doc. 5431 and released as SEMI PV56 [1] by voting in 2014. PV product’s makers and buyers, or any other party interested like package designers, can thus have a common testing standard to refer to when desired.

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A NEW TEST METHOD FOR SHIPPING PALLETS OF SOLAR PRODUCTS

Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering ◽

10.1139/tcsme-2016-0036 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 40 (4) ◽

pp. 481-489

Author(s):

Shu-Tsung Hsu ◽

Yean-San Long ◽

Teng-Chun Wu

Keyword(s):

Yield Loss ◽

Test Method ◽

Package Design ◽

Rate Analysis ◽

Energy Demands ◽

Pv Module ◽

Cell Module ◽

Solar Cell Module ◽

Module System

The photovoltaic (PV) industry is expanding rapidly to meet the growing renewable-energy demands globally. The failure-rate analysis indicated that a large portion of the accelerated PV module qualification failures were related to the failure of PV cell itself, which was leading to the yield loss of PV products during shipping or transportation. Therefore, the damaged cell (or module) caused by shipping is always one of the serious problems to impact the long-term reliability of PV product. This paper aims to propose a new test method of reliability evaluation for shipping pallet of solar product. The first scenario is the test pallet shipped in fab (e.g., fork-lift truck or hand-pallet truck). The second scenario is the test pallet transported from fab to fab by different vehicle (e.g., truck, train, aircraft, and shipboard). Consequently, detailed results were applied to SEMI Doc. 5431 and released as SEMI PV56-1214 by voting in December 2014. The solar cell/module/system makers and buyers, or any other party interested like package design, can thus have a common document to refer to when desired.

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THE MODEL OF FORMING COMPETITIVE STRATEGY OF AN ENTERPRISE UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF OLIGOPOLIC MARKET

Journal of Business Economics and Management ◽

10.3846/jbem.2010.18 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 367-395 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Romualdas Ginevičius ◽

Algirdas Krivka ◽

Jolita Šimkūnaitė

Keyword(s):

Business Strategy ◽

Competitive Strategy ◽

Performance Criteria ◽

Enterprise Performance ◽

Competitive Strategies ◽

Empirical Application ◽

Strategic Actions ◽

Strategic Position ◽

Set Up

The article presents the original and scientifically brand new model of forming the integrated competitive strategy of an enterprise under the conditions of oligopolic market, followed by the cases of empirical application. The integrated competitive strategy of oligopolic enterprise is considered to be the concerted set of partial (detailed) competitive strategies targeting the certain elements of internal and external environment of an enterprise, determining its strategic position and influencing performance. The complex assessment of the estimated impact of partial competitive strategies on performance criteria is implemented (multicriteria evaluation methods are applied) in order to indicate the detailed strategies, having the highest potential influence on enterprise performance (to be selected to form the integrated competitive strategy), and to determine their scales (weights in the structure of the integrated strategy). The results of empirical application of the model are proposed to be employed to set up long-term goals and choose the main directions of business strategy of an enterprise, to distribute financial, human and other resources for strategic actions to be designed and implemented. Santrauka Straipsnyje skelbiamas originalus, moksliniu požiūriu naujas imones integruotosios konkurencines strategijos formavimo oligopolineje rinkoje modelis ir jo empirinio pritaikymo pavyzdys. Oligopolines imones integruotoji konkurencine strategija modelyje suprantama kaip suderintas rinkinys daliniu (detaliuju) konkurenciniu strategiju, nukreiptu i imones vidines ir išorines aplinkos veiksnius, turinčius itakos imones strateginei pozicijai ir veiklos rezultatams. Taikant modeli, atliekamas tiriamuju imoniu pasirinktu daliniu konkurenciniu strategiju lauktino poveikio veiklos detaliesiems rodikliams kiekybinis vertinimas (pasitelkiant daugiakriterio vertinimo metodus) ‐ palyginamas taikytinu strateginiu alternatyvu lauktinas poveikis finansiniam imones rezultatui, nustatant pranašiausias dalines strategijas (sudarysiančias integruotaja konkurencine strategija) ir ju taikymo masta (svori integruotojoje strategijoje). Modelio pritaikymo rezultatai naudotini priimant sprendimus del oligopolines imones konkurencines strategijos sudarymo, skirstant finansinius, žmogiškuosius ir kitus išteklius strateginiams veiksmams formuoti ir igyvendinti.

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