Thermodynamic Analysis and Observation of Inclusions in Ferritic Stainless Steel with Rare Earth

2013 ◽  
Vol 662 ◽  
pp. 441-444
Author(s):  
Xiao Liu ◽  
Jing Long Liang
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Ferritic Stainless Steel ◽  
Thermodynamic Analysis ◽  
Electron Spectroscopy ◽  
Thermodynamic Calculation ◽  
Metallographic Examination

The effect of RE on modifying inclusions of 430 ferrite stainless steel was studied by metallographic examination, SEM and electron spectroscopy. Thermodynamic calculation was used to analyze the formation of RE inclusions in 430 ferrite stainless steel. The result shows that sulfide and other irregular inclusions are modified to round or oval-shaped RE2O2S and RES.

Thermodynamic Analysis and Observation of Inclusions in H13 Die Steel with Rare Earth

2013 ◽  
Vol 690-693 ◽  
pp. 193-196
Author(s):  
Xiao Liu ◽  
Jing Long Liang
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Thermodynamic Analysis ◽  
Electron Spectroscopy ◽  
Thermodynamic Calculation ◽  
Metallographic Examination ◽  
Die Steel ◽  
H13 Die Steel

The effect of RE on modifying inclusions of H13 die steel was studied by metallographic examination, SEM and electron spectroscopy. Thermodynamic calculation was used to analyze the formation of RE inclusions in H13 die steel. The result shows that sulfide inclusions are modified to round RE complex inclusions after adding RE to H13 die steel.

Thermodynamic Analysis and Observation of Inclusions in 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel with Rare Earth Metals

2012 ◽  
Vol 512-515 ◽  
pp. 1833-1839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Liu ◽  
Long Mei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Duplex Stainless Steel ◽  
Thermodynamic Data ◽  
Electron Spectroscopy ◽  
Thermodynamic Calculation ◽  
Rare Earth Metals ◽  
Complex Inclusion ◽  
Metallographic Examination ◽  
2205 Duplex Stainless Steel

The effect of rare earth metals on modifying inclusions of 2205 duplex stainless steel was studied by metallographic examination, SEM and electron spectroscopy. Thermodynamic calculation was used to analyze the formation of RE inclusions in 2205 duplex stainless steel. According to the composition of 2205 duplex stainless steel liquid and thermodynamic data, it may calculate and predict the kinds of RE inclusions. And the result shows that aluminosilicate complex inclusion and sulfide inclusion can be entirely replaced by RE2O2S and RES that are spherical.

Thermodynamic Analysis and Observation of Inclusions in RE-2Cr13 Stainless Steel

2012 ◽  
Vol 184-185 ◽  
pp. 1361-1366
Author(s):  
Xiao Liu ◽  
Long Mei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Thermodynamic Analysis ◽  
Electron Spectroscopy ◽  
Thermodynamic Calculation ◽  
Metallographic Examination

The effect of Ce on modifying inclusions of 2Cr13 stainless steel was studied by metallographic examination, SEM and electron spectroscopy. Thermodynamic calculation was used to analyze the formation of RE inclusions in 2Cr13 stainless steel. The result shows that MnS can be entirely replaced by Ce2O2S and CeS that are spherical.

Thermodynamic Analysis and Observation of Inclusions in RE-Austenitic Stainless Steel

2013 ◽  
Vol 718-720 ◽  
pp. 25-28
Author(s):  
Xiao Liu ◽  
Jing Long Liang
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Thermodynamic Analysis ◽  
Electron Spectroscopy ◽  
Thermodynamic Calculation

The effect of RE on modifying inclusions of 21Cr-11Ni austenitic stainless steel was studied by SEM and electron spectroscopy. Thermodynamic calculation was used to analyze the formation of RE inclusions in 21Cr-11Ni stainless steel. The result shows that sulfide and other irregular inclusions are modified to round or oval-shaped RE2O2S and RES.

Thermodynamic Analysis and Observation of Inclusions in 10PCuRE Weathering Steel

2013 ◽  
Vol 711 ◽  
pp. 91-94
Author(s):  
Xiao Liu ◽  
Jing Long Liang
Keyword(s):  
Thermodynamic Analysis ◽  
Electron Spectroscopy ◽  
Thermodynamic Calculation ◽  
Weathering Steel ◽  
Metallographic Examination

The effect of RE on modifying inclusions of 10PCu weathering steel was studied by metallographic examination, SEM and electron spectroscopy. Thermodynamic calculation was used to analyze the formation of RE inclusions in 10PCu weathering steel. The result shows that aluminosilicate inclusions are modified to round RE complex inclusions after adding RE to 10PCuRE steel.

Effect of Rare Earth on the Inclusions and Pitting Resistance of Ferrite Stainless Steel

2012 ◽  
Vol 531 ◽  
pp. 47-50
Author(s):  
Xiao Liu ◽  
Jian She Li
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Pitting Corrosion ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Anodic Polarization ◽  
Electrochemical Methods ◽  
Polarization Curves ◽  
Metallographic Examination ◽  
Pitting Corrosion Resistance

The anodic polarization curves of 430 ferrite stainless steels with various RE contents in 3.5% NaCl neutral solutions have been measured by electrochemical methods. The effect of RE on pitting corrosion resistance of 430 ferrite stainless steels has been studied by the metallographic examination. The results show that sulfide and other irregular inclusions are modified to round or oval-shaped RE2O2S and RES after adding RE to 430 ferrite stainless steesl. RE makes sulfide, and other irregular inclusions change to dispersed round or oval-shaped RE inclusions, effectively inhibits the occurrence of pitting corrosion, thereby enhancing the corrosion resistance of 430 ferrite stainless steels.

Effect of Rare Earth on the Inclusions and Pitting Resistance of Austenitic Stainless Steel

2013 ◽  
Vol 718-720 ◽  
pp. 29-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Liu ◽  
Yu Bo
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Pitting Corrosion ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Anodic Polarization ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Metallographic Examination ◽  
Pitting Corrosion Resistance

The anodic polarization curves of 21Cr-11Ni austenitic stainless steels with various RE contents in 3.5% NaCl neutral solutions have been measured by electrochemical methods. The effect of RE on pitting corrosion resistance of 21Cr-11Ni stainless steels has been studied by the metallographic examination. The results show that sulfide and other irregular inclusions are modified to round or oval-shaped RE2O2S and RES after adding RE to 21Cr-11Ni stainless steesl. RE makes sulfide, and other irregular inclusions change to dispersed round or oval-shaped RE inclusions, effectively inhibits the occurrence of pitting corrosion, thereby enhancing the corrosion resistance of 21Cr-11Ni austenitic stainless steels.

Effects of Rare Earth Addition on the Inclusions and Mechanical Properties of 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel

2012 ◽  
Vol 503-504 ◽  
pp. 463-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Liu ◽  
Long Mei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Impact Toughness ◽  
Duplex Stainless Steel ◽  
Rare Earth Metals ◽  
Transverse Impact ◽  
Metallographic Examination ◽  
2205 Duplex Stainless Steel ◽  
Reduction Of Area

The effects of rare earth metals on the inclusions and the mechanical properties of 2205 duplex stainless steel were studied by metallographic examination, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy spectrum analysis. The results show that the morphologies and sizes of non-metallic inclusions in 2205 duplex stainless steel are changed, and rare earth metals played a very good role of modifying inclusions. The fracture mode of 2205 duplex stainless steel is typical cleavage fracture, but quasi-cleavage and dimple fracture after adding RE into the steel, and the spherical inclusions of rare earth oxysulfide in the dimple are the main factors for this transformation. The transverse impact toughness of 2205 duplex stainless steel is improved obviously by RE. In comparison with 2205 duplex stainless steel without RE, the transverse impact toughness of 2205 duplex stainless steel with RE is increased 20.49% at -40°C, and the room temperature strength are improved, the elongation and reduction of area have been improved 11.67%, 24.55% respectively.

Effects of Ce on the Inclusions and Mechanical Properties of 2Cr13 Stainless Steel

2012 ◽  
Vol 174-177 ◽  
pp. 1344-1348
Author(s):  
Xiao Liu ◽  
Long Mei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Impact Toughness ◽  
Rare Earth Metals ◽  
Transverse Impact ◽  
Metallographic Examination ◽  
Dimple Fracture ◽  
Reduction Of Area

The effects of rare earth metals on the inclusions and the mechanical properties of 2Cr13 stainless steel were studied by metallographic examination, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy spectrum analysis. The results show that the morphologies and sizes of inclusions in 2Cr13 stainless steel are changed, and rare earth metals played a very good role of modifying inclusions. The fracture mode of 2Cr13 stainless steel is typical cleavage fracture, but quasi-cleavage and dimple fracture after adding Ce into the steel, and the spherical inclusions of rare earth oxysulfide in the dimple are the main factors for this transformation. The transverse impact toughness of 2Cr13 stainless steel is improved obviously by Ce. In comparison with 2Cr13 stainless steel without Ce, the transverse impact toughness of 2Cr13 stainless steel with Ce is increased 54.55% at -40°C, and the room temperature strength are improved, the elongation and reduction of area have been improved 11.90%, 16.67 respectively.

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