A TEMPERATURE-DRIVEN DEVELOPMENTAL MODEL FOR THE PARASITE BRACON MELLITOR (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE),

1977 ◽  
Vol 109 (11) ◽  
pp. 1503-1514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl S. Barfield ◽  
Peter J. H. Sharpe ◽  
Dale G. Bottrell
Keyword(s):  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Boll Weevil ◽  
Developmental Model ◽  
Development Model ◽  
Anthonomus Grandis ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Predicted Probability ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Absolute Reaction Rate ◽  
Bracon Mellitor

AbstractThe influence of temperature on the development of immature stages of Bracon mellitor Say, a braconid parasite of the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boheman, was studied at a series of constant and variable temperatures. Resulting developmental rates and times were compatible with recent advances in the theory of thermal responses exhibited by poikilotherms. Mean development times recorded were in close agreement with predictions calculated from a previously derived absolute reaction rate development model.Bracon mellitor cohort developmental data were also checked against a prototype stochastic cohort development model. In this comparison, observed and predicted probability distributions agreed for constant and variable day/night temperature regimes but showed some differences under sinusoidal temperature regimes.

Seasonal Patterns in Host-Free Survival of the Boll Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in the Subtropics

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Spurgeon
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Boll Weevil ◽  
Seasonal Patterns ◽  
Anthonomus Grandis ◽  
Base Temperature ◽  
Lower Rio Grande Valley ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Degree Day ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On

The overwintering ecology of the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boheman, in the subtropics is poorly understood. Knowledge of seasonal patterns of host-free survival may be important to eradication efforts in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas. The host-free survival of weevil cohorts emerging between 1 June and 3 November 1994 was examined. Weevils were fed either outdoors for 21 d (9 cohorts), outdoors for 28 d (6 cohorts), or under controlled conditions (29.4 ± 1°C, 13:11 [L:D] h photoperiod; 5 cohorts) for 21 d. Weevils were fed cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) squares or bolls, depending on availability in the field, and were subsequently held without food in the same environment in which they were fed. Survival of weevils fed outdoors exhibited a marked seasonal pattern in which greater survival was associated with the later cohorts. However, survival of cohorts fed and held under controlled conditions exhibited no seasonal pattern. When survival was adjusted for degree-day accumulations, using a base temperature of 12.8°C, differences in survival curves of weevils fed outdoors were reduced but not eliminated. During the periods of highest degree-day accumulations, most cohorts fed outdoors for 21 d exhibited greater survival than those fed outdoors for 28 d, and survival tended to be greater for weevils fed under controlled conditions than for weevils fed outdoors. These observations suggest the feeding period duration influenced subsequent survival. The observed influence of temperature on host-free survival suggests the opportunity to reduce overwintering weevil populations in subtropical regions through a delayed planting tactic.

Oviposition behaviour of Bracon mellitor, a parasitoid of the boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis).

1977 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. BRADLEIGH VINSON ◽  
CARL S. BARFIELD ◽  
RODGER D. HENSON
Keyword(s):  
Boll Weevil ◽  
Oviposition Behaviour ◽  
Anthonomus Grandis ◽  
Bracon Mellitor

scholarly journals Within plant distribution of Anthonomus grandis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) feeding and oviposition damages in cotton cultivars

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Fernando Jurca Grigolli ◽  
Leandro Aparecido de Souza ◽  
Diego Felisbino Fraga ◽  
Marina Funichello ◽  
Antonio Carlos Busoli
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Distribution ◽  
Oviposition Behavior ◽  
Boll Weevil ◽  
Plant Distribution ◽  
Anthonomus Grandis ◽  
Plant Canopy ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
The Vertical Distribution ◽  
Adequate Management

The feeding and oviposition behavior of boll weevil in new cotton cultivars is essential for an adequate management. The objective of this study was to evaluate the vertical distribution of squares punctured for feeding and oviposition of the pest in the cultivars NuOPAL, DeltaOPAL, FMT-701, FMX-910 and FMX-993, and record the most and least preferred times of feeding and oviposition. The number of squares used for boll weevil feeding and oviposition were evaluated weekly in three parts of plant canopy. It was observed that, regardless the cultivar, A. grandis preferred to lay eggs in squares located in the upper part and feed on squares in the middle and upper parts. The boll weevil preferred to feed on cultivar FMT-701 in the beginning of the period of cotton flowering and fruiting, and the cultivars NuOPAL, DeltaOPAL, FMX-910 and FMX-993 throughout the whole period of flowering and fruiting. A. grandis preferred to lay eggs on cultivars NuOPAL, FMT-701 and FMX-993 at the beginning and end of flowering and fruiting of plants, while the cultivars DeltaOPAL and FMX-910 are used for oviposition throughout the period of flowering and fruiting.

scholarly journals The Identification of Boll Weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Genes Involved in Pheromone Production and Pheromone Biosynthesis

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 893
Author(s):  
Lindsey C. Perkin ◽  
Jose L. Perez ◽  
Charles P.-C. Suh
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Boll Weevil ◽  
Pheromone Biosynthesis ◽  
Anthonomus Grandis ◽  
Pheromone Production ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Level Control ◽  
Production Development ◽  
Gene Level ◽  
One Step

Eradication programs for the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), rely almost exclusively on pheromone traps to indicate the need for insecticide applications. However, the effectiveness of traps in detecting weevil populations is reduced during certain times of the year, particularly when cotton is actively fruiting. Consequently, this could result in fields becoming heavily infested with weevils. It is widely speculated that the lack of weevil captures in traps during this period is largely due to the overwhelming amount of pheromone released by weevils in the field, which outcompete the pheromone released from traps. Thus, this work sought to identify genes involved in pheromone production so that new control methods that target these genes can be explored. We conducted an RNA-seq experiment that revealed 2479 differentially expressed genes between pheromone-producing and non-pheromone-producing boll weevils. Of those genes, 1234 were up-regulated, and 1515 were down-regulated, and most had gene annotations associated with pheromone production, development, or immunity. This work advances our understanding of boll weevil pheromone production and brings us one step closer to developing gene-level control strategies for this cotton pest.

Survival and behavioural responses of the predatory ladybird beetle, Eriopis connexa populations susceptible and resistant to a pyrethroid insecticide

2013 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.F. Spíndola ◽  
C.S.A. Silva-Torres ◽  
A.R.S. Rodrigues ◽  
J.B. Torres
Keyword(s):  
Boll Weevil ◽  
Pyrethroid Insecticide ◽  
Anthonomus Grandis ◽  
Plant Canopy ◽  
Ladybird Beetle ◽  
Behavioural Responses ◽  
Ladybird Beetles ◽  
Resistant Population ◽  
Eriopis Connexa ◽  
Cotton Fields

AbstractThe ladybird beetle, Eriopis connexa (Germar) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), is one of the commonest predators of aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in the cotton agroecosystem and in many other row and fruit crops in Brazil, and has been introduced into other countries such as the USA for purposes of aphid control. In addition, the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boheman (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is the most serious cotton pest where it occurs, including Brazil. Controlling boll weevils and other pests such as cotton defoliators still tends to involve the intense application of insecticides to secure cotton production. The pyrethroid insecticide lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT) is commonly used, but this compound is not effective against aphids; hence, a desirable strategy would be to maintain E. connexa populations in cotton fields where LCT is applied. Using populations of E. connexa resistant (Res) and susceptible (Sus) to LCT, we compared behavioural responses on treated cotton plants and under confinement on partially and fully treated surfaces, and assessed the insects' survival on treated plants compared with that of the boll weevil. The E. connexa resistant population caged on treated plants with 15 and 75 g a.i. ha−1 exhibited ≫82% survival for both insecticide concentrations compared with ≪3% and ≪17% survival for susceptible E. connexa populations and boll weevils, respectively. The response of E. connexa Res and Sus populations when released, either on the soil or on the plant canopy, indicated avoidance towards treated plants, as measured by elapsed time to assess the plant. When compared with susceptible individuals, resistant ones took longer time to suffer insecticide knockdown, had a higher recovery rate after suffering knockdown, and spent more time in the plant canopy. Based on behavioural parameters evaluated in treated arenas, no ladybird beetles exhibited repellency. However, irritability was evident, with the susceptible population exhibiting greater irritability compared with the resistant population and a subgroup comprising resistant individuals that had recovered from knockdown. The outcomes for the E. connexa Res population indicate a promising strategy for its maintenance when using the insecticide LCT in integrated pest management schemes to control boll weevil or other non-target pest of ladybird beetles in cotton fields.

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