scholarly journals The Identification of Boll Weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Genes Involved in Pheromone Production and Pheromone Biosynthesis

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 893
Author(s):  
Lindsey C. Perkin ◽  
Jose L. Perez ◽  
Charles P.-C. Suh
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Boll Weevil ◽  
Pheromone Biosynthesis ◽  
Anthonomus Grandis ◽  
Pheromone Production ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Level Control ◽  
Production Development ◽  
Gene Level ◽  
One Step

Eradication programs for the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), rely almost exclusively on pheromone traps to indicate the need for insecticide applications. However, the effectiveness of traps in detecting weevil populations is reduced during certain times of the year, particularly when cotton is actively fruiting. Consequently, this could result in fields becoming heavily infested with weevils. It is widely speculated that the lack of weevil captures in traps during this period is largely due to the overwhelming amount of pheromone released by weevils in the field, which outcompete the pheromone released from traps. Thus, this work sought to identify genes involved in pheromone production so that new control methods that target these genes can be explored. We conducted an RNA-seq experiment that revealed 2479 differentially expressed genes between pheromone-producing and non-pheromone-producing boll weevils. Of those genes, 1234 were up-regulated, and 1515 were down-regulated, and most had gene annotations associated with pheromone production, development, or immunity. This work advances our understanding of boll weevil pheromone production and brings us one step closer to developing gene-level control strategies for this cotton pest.

Site of pheromone biosynthesis and isolation of HMG-CoA reductase cDNA in the cotton boll weevil,Anthonomus grandis

2006 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 153-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Huma Taban ◽  
Jessica Fu ◽  
Jacob Blake ◽  
Ami Awano ◽  
Claus Tittiger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boll Weevil ◽  
Pheromone Biosynthesis ◽  
Anthonomus Grandis ◽  
Cotton Boll ◽  
Hmg Coa Reductase ◽  
Cotton Boll Weevil ◽  
Coa Reductase

EFFECTS OF ANTENNECTOMY AND A JUVENILE HORMONE ANALOG ON PHEROMONE PRODUCTION IN THE BOLL WEEVIL (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE)

1988 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Dickens ◽  
W. L. McGovern ◽  
G. Wiygul
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Hormone ◽  
Aggregation Pheromone ◽  
Topical Application ◽  
Olfactory Receptors ◽  
Boll Weevil ◽  
Anthonomus Grandis ◽  
Pheromone Production ◽  
Juvenile Hormone Analog ◽  
Hormone Analog

Aggregation pheromone production by male boll weevils, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman can be stimulated by both antennectomy and topical application of a juvenile hormone analog (JHA, methoprene). Since JHA decreases sensitivity of antennal olfactory receptors, its effects on pheromone production may possibly be by either stimulating release of some blood-borne factor or decreasing antennal input.

Diel Patterns of Pheromone Production in the Boll Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 250-260
Author(s):  
D. W. Spurgeon ◽  
C. P.-C. Suh
Keyword(s):  
Boll Weevil ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Anthonomus Grandis ◽  
Pheromone Production ◽  
Diel Pattern ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum L ◽  
Diel Patterns ◽  
Pheromone Trapping ◽  
Pheromone Composition ◽  
Trapping Methods

Detailed knowledge of boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boheman, chemical ecology on cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., is needed to improve pheromone trapping methods. Recent studies using headspace collections have indicated that most pheromone is not in the feces as previously assumed. We used headspace collections to examine the diel patterns of boll weevil pheromone production and to determine whether the timing of food replacement influenced those patterns. Pheromone production of individual 9- and 11-d-old weevils was estimated during 4 daily periods (0730–1130, 1130–1530, 1530–1930, and 1930–0730 h) under temperatures of 27 ± 2°C and with a 13:11 (L:D) h photoperiod that began at 0700 h. Weevils fed daily at 0730 h produced more pheromone (2.83 ± 0.25 μg h−1) than weevils fed at 1530 h (1.95 ± 0.25 μg h−1), and 11-d-old weevils produced more pheromone (2.62 ± 0.22 μg h−1) than 9-d-old weevils (2.16 ± 0.23 μg h−1). Furthermore, weevils fed at 0730 h exhibited a clear diel pattern of pheromone production with maximal and minimal production occurring between 1130–1530 h and 1930–0730 h, respectively. Weevils fed at 1530 h exhibited a similar periodicity, but the pattern was less distinct. Pheromone composition of weevils fed at 0730 h was relatively consistent among daily periods and the ratio of the 4 components was approximately 45:42:3:10 (I:II:III:IV). However, pheromone composition varied significantly among daily periods for weevils fed at 1530 h. Our results demonstrate a diel periodicity in pheromone production by the boll weevil, and illustrate the need for careful control of weevil diets in such studies.

Pheromone Production by the Boll Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Fed Cotton Squares and Bolls

2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Spurgeon ◽  
C. P.-C. Suh
Keyword(s):  
Boll Weevil ◽  
Anthonomus Grandis ◽  
Pheromone Traps ◽  
Pheromone Production ◽  
Adequate Explanation ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum L ◽  
Pheromone Emission ◽  
Small Fruit ◽  
Pheromone Composition

The boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boheman, produces pheromone on a variety of diets, but access to flower buds (squares) or small fruit (bolls) of cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., is thought necessary for high levels of pheromone production. However, estimates of the pheromone emitted by weevils fed bolls are not available. We used headspace collections to determine (1) whether male weevils already emitting pheromone could sustain production on bolls, and (2) whether pheromone emission could be initiated on a boll diet. Male weevils switched to a diet of small (12 - 15 mm diam) or medium (20 - 23 mm diam) sized bolls after feeding on squares (5 - 7 mm diam) for 7 d maintained pheromone releases at levels ≥ that of weevils remaining on squares through the 13th day of adulthood. Pheromone composition did not vary substantially among the diets. When the diets were provided beginning at adult eclosion, weevils initiated pheromone emission similarly on all diets, but weevils fed small bolls released the most pheromone by day 9 of adulthood. No difference in pheromone composition was observed among the diet treatments. In addition, weevils that entered diapause by the end of the experiments produced only small amounts of pheromone. The high levels of pheromone production by weevils fed bolls may be ecologically important in ensuring that potential overwintering females are mated before emigrating from maturing cotton. Our findings also suggest that diminished competition between naturally-produced pheromone and traps is not an adequate explanation for commonly observed increases in late-season captures by pheromone traps.

Control Strategies for a Highly Loaded Biological Ammonia Elimination Process

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 531-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Teichgräber
Keyword(s):  
Closed Loop ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Level Control ◽  
Sludge Dewatering ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Reject Water ◽  
Line Measurement ◽  
Control Pattern ◽  
On Line ◽  
Treatment Facilities

A nitrification/denitrification process was applied to reject water treatment from sludge dewatering at Bottrop central sludge treatment facilities of the Emschergenossenschaft. On-line monitoring of influent and effluent turbidity, closed loop control of DO and pH, and on-line monitoring of nitrogen compounds were combined to a three level control pattern. Though on-line measurement of substrate and product showed substantial response time it could be used to operate nitrification/denitrification within process boundaries.

scholarly journals Boll Weevil Control Strategies: Regional Benefits and Costs

1977 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Robert Taylor ◽  
Ronald D. Lacewell
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Boll Weevil ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Trap Crops ◽  
Southern States ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Mexico Border ◽  
Benefits And Costs ◽  
The U.S

Throughout the southern states and at the federal level, much attention is being focused on the appropriate strategy for controlling cotton insect pests, particularly the boll weevil. This paper presents estimated economic impacts to farmers, regions and consumers of implementing three alternative boll weevil control strategies. One strategy evaluated is a proposed boll weevil eradication program which involves integrating many controls including insecticides, reproduction-diapause control by early season stalk destruction, pheromone-baited traps, trap crops, early season control with insecticide, and massive releases of sterile boll weevils. The plan is to eradicate the boll weevil in the U.S., and then indefinitely maintain a barrier at the U.S.-Mexico border to prevent future weevil immigration to the U.S.

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